diff --git a/src/common/BitArray.java b/src/common/BitArray.java
deleted file mode 100644
index b07785b..0000000
--- a/src/common/BitArray.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,359 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2007 ZXing authors
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.google.zxing.common;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-/**
- * <p>A simple, fast array of bits, represented compactly by an array of ints internally.</p>
- *
- * @author Sean Owen
- */
-public final class BitArray implements Cloneable {
-
-  private static final int[] EMPTY_BITS = {};
-  private static final float LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
-
-  private int[] bits;
-  private int size;
-
-  public BitArray() {
-    this.size = 0;
-    this.bits = EMPTY_BITS;
-  }
-
-  public BitArray(int size) {
-    this.size = size;
-    this.bits = makeArray(size);
-  }
-
-  // For testing only
-  BitArray(int[] bits, int size) {
-    this.bits = bits;
-    this.size = size;
-  }
-
-  public int getSize() {
-    return size;
-  }
-
-  public int getSizeInBytes() {
-    return (size + 7) / 8;
-  }
-
-  private void ensureCapacity(int newSize) {
-    if (newSize > bits.length * 32) {
-      int[] newBits = makeArray((int) Math.ceil(newSize / LOAD_FACTOR));
-      System.arraycopy(bits, 0, newBits, 0, bits.length);
-      this.bits = newBits;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @param i bit to get
-   * @return true iff bit i is set
-   */
-  public boolean get(int i) {
-    return (bits[i / 32] & (1 << (i & 0x1F))) != 0;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Sets bit i.
-   *
-   * @param i bit to set
-   */
-  public void set(int i) {
-    bits[i / 32] |= 1 << (i & 0x1F);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Flips bit i.
-   *
-   * @param i bit to set
-   */
-  public void flip(int i) {
-    bits[i / 32] ^= 1 << (i & 0x1F);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @param from first bit to check
-   * @return index of first bit that is set, starting from the given index, or size if none are set
-   *  at or beyond this given index
-   * @see #getNextUnset(int)
-   */
-  public int getNextSet(int from) {
-    if (from >= size) {
-      return size;
-    }
-    int bitsOffset = from / 32;
-    int currentBits = bits[bitsOffset];
-    // mask off lesser bits first
-    currentBits &= -(1 << (from & 0x1F));
-    while (currentBits == 0) {
-      if (++bitsOffset == bits.length) {
-        return size;
-      }
-      currentBits = bits[bitsOffset];
-    }
-    int result = (bitsOffset * 32) + Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(currentBits);
-    return Math.min(result, size);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @param from index to start looking for unset bit
-   * @return index of next unset bit, or {@code size} if none are unset until the end
-   * @see #getNextSet(int)
-   */
-  public int getNextUnset(int from) {
-    if (from >= size) {
-      return size;
-    }
-    int bitsOffset = from / 32;
-    int currentBits = ~bits[bitsOffset];
-    // mask off lesser bits first
-    currentBits &= -(1 << (from & 0x1F));
-    while (currentBits == 0) {
-      if (++bitsOffset == bits.length) {
-        return size;
-      }
-      currentBits = ~bits[bitsOffset];
-    }
-    int result = (bitsOffset * 32) + Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(currentBits);
-    return Math.min(result, size);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Sets a block of 32 bits, starting at bit i.
-   *
-   * @param i first bit to set
-   * @param newBits the new value of the next 32 bits. Note again that the least-significant bit
-   * corresponds to bit i, the next-least-significant to i+1, and so on.
-   */
-  public void setBulk(int i, int newBits) {
-    bits[i / 32] = newBits;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Sets a range of bits.
-   *
-   * @param start start of range, inclusive.
-   * @param end end of range, exclusive
-   */
-  public void setRange(int start, int end) {
-    if (end < start || start < 0 || end > size) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-    }
-    if (end == start) {
-      return;
-    }
-    end--; // will be easier to treat this as the last actually set bit -- inclusive
-    int firstInt = start / 32;
-    int lastInt = end / 32;
-    for (int i = firstInt; i <= lastInt; i++) {
-      int firstBit = i > firstInt ? 0 : start & 0x1F;
-      int lastBit = i < lastInt ? 31 : end & 0x1F;
-      // Ones from firstBit to lastBit, inclusive
-      int mask = (2 << lastBit) - (1 << firstBit);
-      bits[i] |= mask;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Clears all bits (sets to false).
-   */
-  public void clear() {
-    int max = bits.length;
-    for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
-      bits[i] = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Efficient method to check if a range of bits is set, or not set.
-   *
-   * @param start start of range, inclusive.
-   * @param end end of range, exclusive
-   * @param value if true, checks that bits in range are set, otherwise checks that they are not set
-   * @return true iff all bits are set or not set in range, according to value argument
-   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if end is less than start or the range is not contained in the array
-   */
-  public boolean isRange(int start, int end, boolean value) {
-    if (end < start || start < 0 || end > size) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
-    }
-    if (end == start) {
-      return true; // empty range matches
-    }
-    end--; // will be easier to treat this as the last actually set bit -- inclusive
-    int firstInt = start / 32;
-    int lastInt = end / 32;
-    for (int i = firstInt; i <= lastInt; i++) {
-      int firstBit = i > firstInt ? 0 : start & 0x1F;
-      int lastBit = i < lastInt ? 31 : end & 0x1F;
-      // Ones from firstBit to lastBit, inclusive
-      int mask = (2 << lastBit) - (1 << firstBit);
-
-      // Return false if we're looking for 1s and the masked bits[i] isn't all 1s (that is,
-      // equals the mask, or we're looking for 0s and the masked portion is not all 0s
-      if ((bits[i] & mask) != (value ? mask : 0)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  public void appendBit(boolean bit) {
-    ensureCapacity(size + 1);
-    if (bit) {
-      bits[size / 32] |= 1 << (size & 0x1F);
-    }
-    size++;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Appends the least-significant bits, from value, in order from most-significant to
-   * least-significant. For example, appending 6 bits from 0x000001E will append the bits
-   * 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 in that order.
-   *
-   * @param value {@code int} containing bits to append
-   * @param numBits bits from value to append
-   */
-  public void appendBits(int value, int numBits) {
-    if (numBits < 0 || numBits > 32) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Num bits must be between 0 and 32");
-    }
-    int nextSize = size;
-    ensureCapacity(nextSize + numBits);
-    for (int numBitsLeft = numBits - 1; numBitsLeft >= 0; numBitsLeft--) {
-      if ((value & (1 << numBitsLeft)) != 0) {
-        bits[nextSize / 32] |= 1 << (nextSize & 0x1F);
-      }
-      nextSize++;
-    }
-    size = nextSize;
-  }
-
-  public void appendBitArray(BitArray other) {
-    int otherSize = other.size;
-    ensureCapacity(size + otherSize);
-    for (int i = 0; i < otherSize; i++) {
-      appendBit(other.get(i));
-    }
-  }
-
-  public void xor(BitArray other) {
-    if (size != other.size) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Sizes don't match");
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < bits.length; i++) {
-      // The last int could be incomplete (i.e. not have 32 bits in
-      // it) but there is no problem since 0 XOR 0 == 0.
-      bits[i] ^= other.bits[i];
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   *
-   * @param bitOffset first bit to start writing
-   * @param array array to write into. Bytes are written most-significant byte first. This is the opposite
-   *  of the internal representation, which is exposed by {@link #getBitArray()}
-   * @param offset position in array to start writing
-   * @param numBytes how many bytes to write
-   */
-  public void toBytes(int bitOffset, byte[] array, int offset, int numBytes) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
-      int theByte = 0;
-      for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-        if (get(bitOffset)) {
-          theByte |= 1 << (7 - j);
-        }
-        bitOffset++;
-      }
-      array[offset + i] = (byte) theByte;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @return underlying array of ints. The first element holds the first 32 bits, and the least
-   *         significant bit is bit 0.
-   */
-  public int[] getBitArray() {
-    return bits;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Reverses all bits in the array.
-   */
-  public void reverse() {
-    int[] newBits = new int[bits.length];
-    // reverse all int's first
-    int len = (size - 1) / 32;
-    int oldBitsLen = len + 1;
-    for (int i = 0; i < oldBitsLen; i++) {
-      newBits[len - i] = Integer.reverse(bits[i]);
-    }
-    // now correct the int's if the bit size isn't a multiple of 32
-    if (size != oldBitsLen * 32) {
-      int leftOffset = oldBitsLen * 32 - size;
-      int currentInt = newBits[0] >>> leftOffset;
-      for (int i = 1; i < oldBitsLen; i++) {
-        int nextInt = newBits[i];
-        currentInt |= nextInt << (32 - leftOffset);
-        newBits[i - 1] = currentInt;
-        currentInt = nextInt >>> leftOffset;
-      }
-      newBits[oldBitsLen - 1] = currentInt;
-    }
-    bits = newBits;
-  }
-
-  private static int[] makeArray(int size) {
-    return new int[(size + 31) / 32];
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean equals(Object o) {
-    if (!(o instanceof BitArray)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    BitArray other = (BitArray) o;
-    return size == other.size && Arrays.equals(bits, other.bits);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int hashCode() {
-    return 31 * size + Arrays.hashCode(bits);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public String toString() {
-    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(size + (size / 8) + 1);
-    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-      if ((i & 0x07) == 0) {
-        result.append(' ');
-      }
-      result.append(get(i) ? 'X' : '.');
-    }
-    return result.toString();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BitArray clone() {
-    return new BitArray(bits.clone(), size);
-  }
-
-}
diff --git a/src/common/mod.rs b/src/common/mod.rs
index 11a9695..7633bf8 100644
--- a/src/common/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/mod.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 pub mod detector;
 pub mod reedsolomon;
 
+use std::cmp;
+use std::fmt;
 use std::{any::Any, collections::HashMap};
 
+use crate::exceptions::IllegalArgumentException;
 use crate::DecodeHintType;
 use encoding::Encoding;
 
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ pub struct StringUtils {
     //   public static final String GB2312 = "GB2312";
 }
 
-const PLATFORM_DEFAULT_ENCODING: Encoding = encoding::all::UTF_8;
+const PLATFORM_DEFAULT_ENCODING: dyn Encoding = encoding::all::UTF_8;
 const SHIFT_JIS_CHARSET: Encoding = encoding::label::encoding_from_whatwg_label("SJIS");
 const GB2312_CHARSET: Encoding = encoding::label::encoding_from_whatwg_label("GB2312");
 const EUC_JP: Encoding = encoding::label::encoding_from_whatwg_label("EUC_JP");
@@ -264,3 +267,399 @@ impl StringUtils {
         return PLATFORM_DEFAULT_ENCODING;
     }
 }
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 2007 ZXing authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// package com.google.zxing.common;
+
+// import java.util.Arrays;
+
+static EMPTY_BITS: [u32; 0] = [0; 0];
+static LOAD_FACTOR: f32 = 0.75f32;
+
+/**
+ * <p>A simple, fast array of bits, represented compactly by an array of ints internally.</p>
+ *
+ * @author Sean Owen
+ */
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
+pub struct BitArray {
+    bits: Vec<u32>,
+    size: usize,
+}
+
+impl BitArray {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bits: EMPTY_BITS,
+            size: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_size(size: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bits: BitArray::makeArray(size),
+            size: size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For testing only
+    pub fn with_initial_values(bits: Vec<u32>, size: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bits: bits,
+            size: size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn getSize(&self) -> usize {
+        self.size
+    }
+
+    pub fn getSizeInBytes(&self) -> usize {
+        return (self.size + 7) / 8;
+    }
+
+    fn ensureCapacity(&self, newSize: usize) {
+        if newSize > self.bits.len() * 32 {
+            let newBits = BitArray::makeArray((newSize as f32 / LOAD_FACTOR).ceil());
+            //System.arraycopy(bits, 0, newBits, 0, bits.length);
+            newBits[0..self.bits.len()].clone_from_slice(&self.bits[0..self.bits.len()]);
+            self.bits = newBits;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param i bit to get
+     * @return true iff bit i is set
+     */
+    pub fn get(&self, i: usize) -> bool {
+        return (self.bits[i / 32] & (1 << (i & 0x1F))) != 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets bit i.
+     *
+     * @param i bit to set
+     */
+    pub fn set(&self, i: usize) {
+        self.bits[i / 32] |= 1 << (i & 0x1F);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flips bit i.
+     *
+     * @param i bit to set
+     */
+    pub fn flip(&self, i: usize) {
+        self.bits[i / 32] ^= 1 << (i & 0x1F);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param from first bit to check
+     * @return index of first bit that is set, starting from the given index, or size if none are set
+     *  at or beyond this given index
+     * @see #getNextUnset(int)
+     */
+    pub fn getNextSet(&self, from: usize) -> usize {
+        if from >= self.size {
+            return self.size;
+        }
+        let bitsOffset = from / 32;
+        let currentBits = self.bits[bitsOffset];
+        // mask off lesser bits first
+        currentBits &= -(1 << (from & 0x1F));
+        while currentBits == 0 {
+            bitsOffset += 1;
+            if bitsOffset == self.bits.len() {
+                return self.size;
+            }
+            currentBits = self.bits[bitsOffset];
+        }
+        let result = (bitsOffset * 32) + currentBits.trailing_zeros();
+        cmp::min(result, self.size)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param from index to start looking for unset bit
+     * @return index of next unset bit, or {@code size} if none are unset until the end
+     * @see #getNextSet(int)
+     */
+    pub fn getNextUnset(&self, from: usize) -> usize {
+        if from >= self.size {
+            return self.size;
+        }
+        let bitsOffset = from / 32;
+        let currentBits = !self.bits[bitsOffset];
+        // mask off lesser bits first
+        currentBits &= -(1 << (from & 0x1F));
+        while currentBits == 0 {
+            bitsOffset += 1;
+            if bitsOffset == self.bits.len() {
+                return self.size;
+            }
+            currentBits = !self.bits[bitsOffset];
+        }
+        let result = (bitsOffset * 32) + currentBits.trailing_zeros();
+        return cmp::min(result, self.size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a block of 32 bits, starting at bit i.
+     *
+     * @param i first bit to set
+     * @param newBits the new value of the next 32 bits. Note again that the least-significant bit
+     * corresponds to bit i, the next-least-significant to i+1, and so on.
+     */
+    pub fn setBulk(&self, i: usize, newBits: u32) {
+        self.bits[i / 32] = newBits;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a range of bits.
+     *
+     * @param start start of range, inclusive.
+     * @param end end of range, exclusive
+     */
+    pub fn setRange(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Result<(), IllegalArgumentException> {
+        if end < start || start < 0 || end > self.size {
+            return Err(IllegalArgumentException::new(
+                "end < start || start < 0 || end > self.size",
+            ));
+        }
+        if end == start {
+            return;
+        }
+        end -= 1; // will be easier to treat this as the last actually set bit -- inclusive
+        let firstInt = start / 32;
+        let lastInt = end / 32;
+        for i in firstInt..=lastInt {
+            //for (int i = firstInt; i <= lastInt; i++) {
+            let firstBit = if i > firstInt { 0 } else { start & 0x1F };
+            let lastBit = if i < lastInt { 31 } else { end & 0x1F };
+            // Ones from firstBit to lastBit, inclusive
+            let mask = (2 << lastBit) - (1 << firstBit);
+            self.bits[i] |= mask;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears all bits (sets to false).
+     */
+    pub fn clear(&self) {
+        let max = self.bits.length;
+        for i in 0..max {
+            //for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+            self.bits[i] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Efficient method to check if a range of bits is set, or not set.
+     *
+     * @param start start of range, inclusive.
+     * @param end end of range, exclusive
+     * @param value if true, checks that bits in range are set, otherwise checks that they are not set
+     * @return true iff all bits are set or not set in range, according to value argument
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if end is less than start or the range is not contained in the array
+     */
+    pub fn isRange(
+        &self,
+        start: usize,
+        end: usize,
+        value: bool,
+    ) -> Result<bool, IllegalArgumentException> {
+        if end < start || start < 0 || end > self.size {
+            return Err(IllegalArgumentException::new(
+                "end < start || start < 0 || end > self.size",
+            ));
+        }
+        if end == start {
+            return Ok(true); // empty range matches
+        }
+        end -= 1; // will be easier to treat this as the last actually set bit -- inclusive
+        let firstInt = start / 32;
+        let lastInt = end / 32;
+        for i in firstInt..=lastInt {
+            //for (int i = firstInt; i <= lastInt; i++) {
+            let firstBit = if i > firstInt { 0 } else { start & 0x1F };
+            let lastBit = if i < lastInt { 31 } else { end & 0x1F };
+            // Ones from firstBit to lastBit, inclusive
+            let mask = (2 << lastBit) - (1 << firstBit);
+
+            // Return false if we're looking for 1s and the masked bits[i] isn't all 1s (that is,
+            // equals the mask, or we're looking for 0s and the masked portion is not all 0s
+            if (self.bits[i] & mask) != (if value { mask } else { 0 }) {
+                return Ok(false);
+            }
+        }
+        return Ok(true);
+    }
+
+    pub fn appendBit(&self, bit: bool) {
+        self.ensureCapacity(self.size + 1);
+        if bit {
+            self.bits[self.size / 32] |= 1 << (self.size & 0x1F);
+        }
+        self.size += 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the least-significant bits, from value, in order from most-significant to
+     * least-significant. For example, appending 6 bits from 0x000001E will append the bits
+     * 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 in that order.
+     *
+     * @param value {@code int} containing bits to append
+     * @param numBits bits from value to append
+     */
+    pub fn appendBits(&self, value: u32, numBits: usize) -> Result<(), IllegalArgumentException> {
+        if numBits < 0 || numBits > 32 {
+            return Err(IllegalArgumentException::new(
+                "Num bits must be between 0 and 32",
+            ));
+        }
+        let nextSize = self.size;
+        self.ensureCapacity(nextSize + numBits);
+        for numBitsLeft in (0..(numBits - 1)).rev() {
+            //for (int numBitsLeft = numBits - 1; numBitsLeft >= 0; numBitsLeft--) {
+            if (value & (1 << numBitsLeft)) != 0 {
+                self.bits[nextSize / 32] |= 1 << (nextSize & 0x1F);
+            }
+            nextSize += 1;
+        }
+        self.size = nextSize;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn appendBitArray(&self, other: BitArray) {
+        let otherSize = other.size;
+        self.ensureCapacity(self.size + otherSize);
+        for i in 0..otherSize {
+            //for (int i = 0; i < otherSize; i++) {
+            self.appendBit(other.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn xor(&self, other: &BitArray) -> Result<(), IllegalArgumentException> {
+        if self.size != other.size {
+            return Err(IllegalArgumentException::new("Sizes don't match"));
+        }
+        for i in 0..self.bits.len() {
+            //for (int i = 0; i < bits.length; i++) {
+            // The last int could be incomplete (i.e. not have 32 bits in
+            // it) but there is no problem since 0 XOR 0 == 0.
+            self.bits[i] ^= other.bits[i];
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param bitOffset first bit to start writing
+     * @param array array to write into. Bytes are written most-significant byte first. This is the opposite
+     *  of the internal representation, which is exposed by {@link #getBitArray()}
+     * @param offset position in array to start writing
+     * @param numBytes how many bytes to write
+     */
+    pub fn toBytes(&self, bitOffset: usize, array: &mut [u8], offset: usize, numBytes: usize) {
+        for i in 0..numBytes {
+            //for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
+            let theByte = 0;
+            for j in 0..8 {
+                //for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+                if self.get(bitOffset) {
+                    theByte |= 1 << (7 - j);
+                }
+                bitOffset += 1;
+            }
+            array[offset + i] = theByte;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return underlying array of ints. The first element holds the first 32 bits, and the least
+     *         significant bit is bit 0.
+     */
+    pub fn getBitArray(&self) -> Vec<u32> {
+        return self.bits;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverses all bits in the array.
+     */
+    pub fn reverse(&self) {
+        let newBits = Vec::with_capacity(self.bits.len());
+        // reverse all int's first
+        let len = (self.size - 1) / 32;
+        let oldBitsLen = len + 1;
+        for i in 0..oldBitsLen {
+            //for (int i = 0; i < oldBitsLen; i++) {
+            newBits[len - i] = self.bits[i].reverse_bits();
+        }
+        // now correct the int's if the bit size isn't a multiple of 32
+        if self.size != oldBitsLen * 32 {
+            let leftOffset = oldBitsLen * 32 - self.size;
+            let currentInt = newBits[0] >> leftOffset;
+            for i in 1..oldBitsLen {
+                //for (int i = 1; i < oldBitsLen; i++) {
+                let nextInt = newBits[i];
+                currentInt |= nextInt << (32 - leftOffset);
+                newBits[i - 1] = currentInt;
+                currentInt = nextInt >> leftOffset;
+            }
+            newBits[oldBitsLen - 1] = currentInt;
+        }
+        self.bits = newBits;
+    }
+
+    fn makeArray(size: usize) -> Vec<u32> {
+        return vec![0; (size + 31) / 32];
+    }
+
+    //   @Override
+    //   public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    //     if (!(o instanceof BitArray)) {
+    //       return false;
+    //     }
+    //     BitArray other = (BitArray) o;
+    //     return size == other.size && Arrays.equals(bits, other.bits);
+    //   }
+
+    //   @Override
+    //   public int hashCode() {
+    //     return 31 * size + Arrays.hashCode(bits);
+    //   }
+
+    //   @Override
+    //   public BitArray clone() {
+    //     return new BitArray(bits.clone(), size);
+    //   }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BitArray {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let _str = String::with_capacity(self.size + (self.size / 8) + 1);
+        for i in 0..self.size {
+            //for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            if (i & 0x07) == 0 {
+                _str.push_str(" ");
+            }
+            _str.push_str(if self.get(i) { "X" } else { "." });
+        }
+        write!(f, "{}", _str)
+    }
+}