cargo clippy --fix

src/aztec/DecoderTest.rs

@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@ fn test_high_level_decode_string(expectedString: &str, b: &str) {
     assert_eq!(
         expectedString,
         decoder::highLevelDecode(&toBooleanArray(&bits)).expect("highLevelDecode Failed"),
-        "highLevelDecode() failed for input bits: {}",
-        b
+        "highLevelDecode() failed for input bits: {b}"
     );
 }
 

src/aztec/DetectorTest.rs

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ fn test_error_in_parameter_locator_compact() {
 #[test]
 fn test_error_in_parameter_locator_not_compact() {
     let alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
-    test_error_in_parameter_locator(&format!("{}{}{}", alphabet, alphabet, alphabet));
+    test_error_in_parameter_locator(&format!("{alphabet}{alphabet}{alphabet}"));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ fn test_error_in_parameter_locator(data: &str) {
                     if let Exceptions::NotFoundException(_msg) = res {
                         // all ok
                     } else {
-                        panic!("Only Exceptions::NotFoundException allowed, got {}", res);
+                        panic!("Only Exceptions::NotFoundException allowed, got {res}");
                     }
                 } else {
                     let r = Detector::new(&make_larger(&copy, 3)).detect(false);

src/aztec/EncoderTest.rs

@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ fn testBorderCompact4CaseFailed() {
     // be error correction
     let alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
     // encodes as 26 * 5 * 4 = 520 bits of data
-    let alphabet4 = format!("{}{}{}{}", alphabet, alphabet, alphabet, alphabet);
+    let alphabet4 = format!("{alphabet}{alphabet}{alphabet}{alphabet}");
     aztec_encoder::encode(&alphabet4, 0, -4).expect("encode");
 }
 
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ fn testBorderCompact4Case() {
     // be error correction
     let alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
     // encodes as 26 * 5 * 4 = 520 bits of data
-    let alphabet4 = format!("{}{}{}{}", alphabet, alphabet, alphabet, alphabet);
+    let alphabet4 = format!("{alphabet}{alphabet}{alphabet}{alphabet}");
 
     // If we just try to encode it normally, it will go to a non-compact 4 layer
     let mut aztecCode = aztec_encoder::encode(&alphabet4, 0, aztec_encoder::DEFAULT_AZTEC_LAYERS)
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ fn testEncode(data: &str, compact: bool, layers: u32, expected: &str) {
 
     // let mut xored = BitMatrix::parse_strings(&stripSpace(expected), "X ", "  ").expect("should parse");
     // xored.xor(matrix).expect("should xor");
-    assert_eq!(expected, matrix.to_string(), "encode({}) failed", data);
+    assert_eq!(expected, matrix.to_string(), "encode({data}) failed");
 }
 
 fn testEncodeDecode(data: &str, compact: bool, layers: u32) {
@@ -814,8 +814,7 @@ fn testStuffBits(wordSize: usize, bits: &str, expected: &str) {
     assert_eq!(
         stripSpace(expected),
         stripSpace(&stuffed.to_string()),
-        "stuffBits() failed for input string: {}",
-        bits
+        "stuffBits() failed for input string: {bits}"
     );
 }
 
@@ -838,8 +837,7 @@ fn testHighLevelEncodeStringUtf8(s: &str, expectedBits: &str) {
     assert_eq!(
         stripSpace(expectedBits),
         receivedBits,
-        "highLevelEncode() failed for input string: {}",
-        s
+        "highLevelEncode() failed for input string: {s}"
     );
 }
 
@@ -856,8 +854,7 @@ fn testHighLevelEncodeString(s: &str, expectedBits: &str) {
     assert_eq!(
         stripSpace(expectedBits),
         receivedBits,
-        "highLevelEncode() failed for input string: {}",
-        s
+        "highLevelEncode() failed for input string: {s}"
     );
     assert_eq!(
         s,
@@ -888,7 +885,6 @@ fn testHighLevelEncodeStringCount(s: &str, expectedReceivedBits: u32) {
     // );
     assert_eq!(
         expectedReceivedBits as usize, receivedBitCount,
-        "highLevelEncode() failed for input string: {} with byte count ({}!={})",
-        s, expectedReceivedBits, receivedBitCount
+        "highLevelEncode() failed for input string: {s} with byte count ({expectedReceivedBits}!={receivedBitCount})"
     );
 }

src/aztec/aztec_writer.rs

@@ -107,8 +107,7 @@ fn encode(
 ) -> Result<BitMatrix, Exceptions> {
     if format != BarcodeFormat::AZTEC {
         return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "can only encode AZTEC, but got {:?}",
-            format
+            "can only encode AZTEC, but got {format:?}"
         ))));
     }
     let aztec = if let Some(cset) = charset {

src/aztec/decoder.rs

@@ -350,8 +350,7 @@ fn correct_bits(
     let num_codewords = rawbits.len() / codeword_size;
     if num_codewords < num_data_codewords as usize {
         return Err(Exceptions::FormatException(Some(format!(
-            "numCodewords {}< numDataCodewords{}",
-            num_codewords, num_data_codewords
+            "numCodewords {num_codewords}< numDataCodewords{num_data_codewords}"
         ))));
     }
     let mut offset = rawbits.len() % codeword_size;

src/aztec/encoder/aztec_encoder.rs

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ pub const WORD_SIZE: [u32; 33] = [
 pub fn encode_simple(data: &str) -> Result<AztecCode, Exceptions> {
     let Ok(bytes) = encoding::all::ISO_8859_1
         .encode(data, encoding::EncoderTrap::Replace) else {
-            return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!("'{}' cannot be encoded as ISO_8859_1", data))));
+            return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!("'{data}' cannot be encoded as ISO_8859_1"))));
         };
     encode_bytes_simple(&bytes)
 }
@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@ pub fn encode(
         encode_bytes(&bytes, minECCPercent, userSpecifiedLayers)
     } else {
         Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "'{}' cannot be encoded as ISO_8859_1",
-            data
+            "'{data}' cannot be encoded as ISO_8859_1"
         ))))
     }
 }
@@ -104,8 +103,7 @@ pub fn encode_with_charset(
         encode_bytes_with_charset(&bytes, minECCPercent, userSpecifiedLayers, charset)
     } else {
         Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "'{}' cannot be encoded as ISO_8859_1",
-            data
+            "'{data}' cannot be encoded as ISO_8859_1"
         ))))
     }
 }
@@ -181,8 +179,7 @@ pub fn encode_bytes_with_charset(
             })
         {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Illegal value {} for layers",
-                user_specified_layers
+                "Illegal value {user_specified_layers} for layers"
             ))));
         }
         total_bits_in_layer_var = total_bits_in_layer(layers, compact);
@@ -498,8 +495,7 @@ fn getGF(wordSize: usize) -> Result<GenericGFRef, Exceptions> {
         10 => Ok(get_predefined_genericgf(PredefinedGenericGF::AztecData10)),
         12 => Ok(get_predefined_genericgf(PredefinedGenericGF::AztecData12)),
         _ => Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "Unsupported word size {}",
-            wordSize
+            "Unsupported word size {wordSize}"
         )))),
     }
     // switch (wordSize) {

src/aztec/encoder/state.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl State {
             // throw new IllegalArgumentException("ECI code must be between 0 and 999999");
         } else {
             let eci_digits = encoding::all::ISO_8859_1
-                .encode(&format!("{}", eci), encoding::EncoderTrap::Strict)
+                .encode(&format!("{eci}"), encoding::EncoderTrap::Strict)
                 .unwrap();
             // let eciDigits = Integer.toString(eci).getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
             token.add(eci_digits.len() as i32, 3); // 1-6: number of ECI digits

src/client/result/AddressBookAUResultParser.rs

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ fn matchMultipleValuePrefix(prefix: &str, rawText: &str) -> Vec<String> {
     for i in 1..=3 {
         // for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
         let value = ResultParser::matchSinglePrefixedField(
-            &format!("{}{}:", prefix, i),
+            &format!("{prefix}{i}:"),
             rawText,
             '\r',
             true,

src/client/result/BizcardResultParser.rs

@@ -123,6 +123,6 @@ fn buildName(firstName: &str, lastName: &str) -> String {
     } else if lastName.is_empty() {
         firstName.to_owned()
     } else {
-        format!("{} {}", firstName, lastName)
+        format!("{firstName} {lastName}")
     }
 }

src/client/result/CalendarParsedResult.rs

@@ -196,8 +196,7 @@ impl CalendarParsedRXingResult {
             return match Utc.datetime_from_str(&when, "%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ") {
                 Ok(dtm) => Ok(dtm.with_timezone(&Utc).timestamp()),
                 Err(e) => Err(Exceptions::ParseException(Some(format!(
-                    "couldn't parse string: {}",
-                    e
+                    "couldn't parse string: {e}"
                 )))),
             };
             // let dtm = DateTime::parse_from_str(&when, "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S").unwrap().with_timezone(&Utc);
@@ -219,16 +218,14 @@ impl CalendarParsedRXingResult {
                 Ok(time_zone) => time_zone,
                 Err(e) => {
                     return Err(Exceptions::ParseException(Some(format!(
-                        "couldn't parse timezone '{}': {}",
-                        tz_part, e
+                        "couldn't parse timezone '{tz_part}': {e}"
                     ))))
                 }
             };
             return match Utc.datetime_from_str(time_part, "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S") {
                 Ok(dtm) => Ok(dtm.with_timezone(&tz_parsed).timestamp()),
                 Err(e) => Err(Exceptions::ParseException(Some(format!(
-                    "couldn't parse string: {}",
-                    e
+                    "couldn't parse string: {e}"
                 )))),
             };
         }
@@ -238,8 +235,7 @@ impl CalendarParsedRXingResult {
             return match Utc.datetime_from_str(&when, "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S") {
                 Ok(dtm) => Ok(dtm.timestamp()),
                 Err(e) => Err(Exceptions::ParseException(Some(format!(
-                    "couldn't parse local time: {}",
-                    e
+                    "couldn't parse local time: {e}"
                 )))),
             };
         }
@@ -300,8 +296,7 @@ impl CalendarParsedRXingResult {
             Ok(dtm.timestamp())
         } else {
             Err(Exceptions::ParseException(Some(format!(
-                "Couldn't parse {}",
-                dateTimeString
+                "Couldn't parse {dateTimeString}"
             ))))
         }
         // DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss", Locale.ENGLISH);

src/client/result/ExpandedProductParsedResultTestCase.rs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ fn testRSSExpanded() {
                     let ev = epr_res.getUncommonAIs().get(k).unwrap();
                     assert_eq!(v, ev);
                 } else {
-                    panic!("key not found {}", k)
+                    panic!("key not found {k}")
                 }
             }
             // assert_eq!(&uncommonAIs, epr_res.getUncommonAIs());

src/client/result/TelParsedResultTestCase.rs

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ fn doTest(contents: &str, number: &str, title: &str) {
     if let ParsedClientResult::TelResult(telRXingResult) = result {
         assert_eq!(number, telRXingResult.getNumber());
         assert_eq!(title, telRXingResult.getTitle());
-        assert_eq!(format!("tel:{}", number), telRXingResult.getTelURI());
+        assert_eq!(format!("tel:{number}"), telRXingResult.getTelURI());
     } else {
         panic!("wrong return type, expected TelResult");
     }

src/client/result/TelResultParser.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn parse(theRXingResult: &crate::RXingResult) -> Option<ParsedClientResult>
     }
     // Normalize "TEL:" to "tel:"
     let telURI = if let Some(stripped) = rawText.strip_prefix("TEL:") {
-        format!("tel:{}", stripped)
+        format!("tel:{stripped}")
     } else {
         rawText.clone()
     };

src/client/result/VCardResultParser.rs

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ pub fn matchVCardPrefixedField(
 
     // At start or after newline, match prefix, followed by optional metadata
     // (led by ;) ultimately ending in colon
-    let matcher_primary = Regex::new(&format!("(?:^|\\n)(?i:{})(?:;([^:]*))?:", prefix)).unwrap();
+    let matcher_primary = Regex::new(&format!("(?:^|\\n)(?i:{prefix})(?:;([^:]*))?:")).unwrap();
     // let matcher_primary = Regex::new(&format!("(?:^|\n){}(.*)", prefix)).unwrap();
 
     //let lower_case_raw_text = rawText.to_lowercase();

src/client/result/VEventResultParser.rs

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ fn matchSingleVCardPrefixedField(prefix: &str, rawText: &str) -> String {
                 "".to_owned()
             };
             let root_time = values.last().unwrap().clone();
-            format!("{}{}", root_time, tz_mod)
+            format!("{root_time}{tz_mod}")
         }
     } else {
         "".to_owned()

src/common/BitArrayTestCase.rs

@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ fn test_get_next_set1() {
     let array = BitArray::with_size(32);
     for i in 0..array.getSize() {
         // for (int i = 0; i < array.getSize(); i++) {
-        assert_eq!(32, array.getNextSet(i), "{}", i);
+        assert_eq!(32, array.getNextSet(i), "{i}");
     }
     let array = BitArray::with_size(33);
     for i in 0..array.getSize() {
         // for (int i = 0; i < array.getSize(); i++) {
-        assert_eq!(33, array.getNextSet(i), "{}", i);
+        assert_eq!(33, array.getNextSet(i), "{i}");
     }
 }
 
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ fn test_get_next_set2() {
     array.set(31);
     for i in 0..array.getSize() {
         // for (int i = 0; i < array.getSize(); i++) {
-        assert_eq!(if i <= 31 { 31 } else { 33 }, array.getNextSet(i), "{}", i);
+        assert_eq!(if i <= 31 { 31 } else { 33 }, array.getNextSet(i), "{i}");
     }
     array = BitArray::with_size(33);
     array.set(32);
     for i in 0..array.getSize() {
         // for (int i = 0; i < array.getSize(); i++) {
-        assert_eq!(32, array.getNextSet(i), "{}", i);
+        assert_eq!(32, array.getNextSet(i), "{i}");
     }
 }
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ fn test_get_next_set3() {
         } else {
             expected = 63;
         }
-        assert_eq!(expected, array.getNextSet(i), "{}", i);
+        assert_eq!(expected, array.getNextSet(i), "{i}");
     }
 }
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ fn test_get_next_set4() {
         } else {
             expected = 63;
         }
-        assert_eq!(expected, array.getNextSet(i), "{}", i);
+        assert_eq!(expected, array.getNextSet(i), "{i}");
     }
 }
 

src/common/bit_array.rs

@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for BitArray {
             }
             _str.push_str(if self.get(i) { "X" } else { "." });
         }
-        write!(f, "{}", _str)
+        write!(f, "{_str}")
     }
 }
 

src/common/bit_matrix_test_case.rs

@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ fn test_rotate_180(width: u32, height: u32) {
         // for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
         for x in 0..width {
             // for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
-            assert_eq!(expected.get(x, y), input.get(x, y), "({},{})", x, y);
+            assert_eq!(expected.get(x, y), input.get(x, y), "({x},{y})");
         }
     }
 }

src/common/eci_string_builder.rs

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl ECIStringBuilder {
      * @param value int to append as a string
      */
     pub fn append(&mut self, value: i32) {
-        self.append_string(&format!("{}", value));
+        self.append_string(&format!("{value}"));
     }
 
     /**

src/common/minimal_eci_input.rs

@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ impl ECIInput for MinimalECIInput {
         }
         if self.isECI(index as u32)? {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "value at {} is not a character but an ECI",
-                index
+                "value at {index} is not a character but an ECI"
             ))));
         }
         if self.isFNC1(index)? {
@@ -119,8 +118,7 @@ impl ECIInput for MinimalECIInput {
             //   for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
             if self.isECI(i as u32)? {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "value at {} is not a character but an ECI",
-                    i
+                    "value at {i} is not a character but an ECI"
                 ))));
             }
             result.push_str(&self.charAt(i)?.to_string());
@@ -170,8 +168,7 @@ impl ECIInput for MinimalECIInput {
         }
         if !self.isECI(index as u32)? {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "value at {} is not an ECI but a character",
-                index
+                "value at {index} is not an ECI but a character"
             ))));
         }
         Ok((self.bytes[index] as u32 - 256) as i32)
@@ -352,7 +349,7 @@ impl MinimalECIInput {
             }
         }
         if minimalJ < 0 {
-            panic!("internal error: failed to encode \"{}\"", stringToEncode);
+            panic!("internal error: failed to encode \"{stringToEncode}\"");
         }
         let mut intsAL: Vec<u16> = Vec::new();
         let mut current = edges[inputLength][minimalJ as usize].clone();
@@ -508,6 +505,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for MinimalECIInput {
                 result.push(self.charAt(i).unwrap());
             }
         }
-        write!(f, "{}", result)
+        write!(f, "{result}")
     }
 }

src/common/reedsolomon/ReedSolomonTestCase.rs

@@ -398,13 +398,11 @@ public static void corrupt(int[] received, int howMany, Random random, int max)
 fn test_encode_decode_random(field: GenericGFRef, dataSize: usize, ecSize: usize) {
     assert!(
         dataSize > 0 && dataSize <= field.getSize() - 3,
-        "Invalid data size for {}",
-        field
+        "Invalid data size for {field}"
     );
     assert!(
         ecSize > 0 && ecSize + dataSize <= field.getSize(),
-        "Invalid ECC size for {}",
-        field
+        "Invalid ECC size for {field}"
     );
     let mut encoder = ReedSolomonEncoder::new(field);
     let mut message = vec![0; dataSize + ecSize];
@@ -427,7 +425,7 @@ fn test_encode_decode_random(field: GenericGFRef, dataSize: usize, ecSize: usize
         message[0..dataWords.len()].clone_from_slice(&dataWords[..]);
         //System.arraycopy(dataWords, 0, message, 0, dataWords.len());
         if let Err(err) = encoder.encode(&mut message, ecWords.len()) {
-            panic!("{:#?}", err);
+            panic!("{err:#?}");
         }
         ecWords[0..ecSize].clone_from_slice(&message[dataSize..dataSize + ecSize]);
         //System.arraycopy(message, dataSize, ecWords, 0, ecSize);

src/common/reedsolomon/generic_gf_poly.rs

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for GenericGFPoly {
                             result.push('a');
                         } else {
                             result.push_str("a^");
-                            result.push_str(&format!("{}", alpha_power));
+                            result.push_str(&format!("{alpha_power}"));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -328,11 +328,11 @@ impl fmt::Display for GenericGFPoly {
                         result.push('x');
                     } else {
                         result.push_str("x^");
-                        result.push_str(&format!("{}", degree));
+                        result.push_str(&format!("{degree}"));
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-        write!(f, "{}", result)
+        write!(f, "{result}")
     }
 }

src/common/reedsolomon/reedsolomon_decoder.rs

@@ -204,8 +204,7 @@ impl ReedSolomonDecoder {
 
             if r.getDegree() >= rLast.getDegree() {
                 return Err(Exceptions::ReedSolomonException(Some(format!(
-                    "Division algorithm failed to reduce polynomial? r: {}, rLast: {}",
-                    r, rLast
+                    "Division algorithm failed to reduce polynomial? r: {r}, rLast: {rLast}"
                 ))));
             }
         }

src/datamatrix/data_matrix_writer.rs

@@ -67,15 +67,13 @@ impl Writer for DataMatrixWriter {
 
         if format != &BarcodeFormat::DATA_MATRIX {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Can only encode DATA_MATRIX, but got {:?}",
-                format
+                "Can only encode DATA_MATRIX, but got {format:?}"
             ))));
         }
 
         if width < 0 || height < 0 {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Requested dimensions can't be negative: {}x{}",
-                width, height
+                "Requested dimensions can't be negative: {width}x{height}"
             ))));
         }
 

src/datamatrix/decoder/decoded_bit_stream_parser.rs

@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ fn decodeAsciiSegment(
                 result.append_char('0');
             }
             //result.append_char(char::from_u32(value).unwrap());
-            result.append_string(&format!("{}", value));
+            result.append_string(&format!("{value}"));
         } else {
             match oneByte {
            230=> // Latch to C40 encodation

src/datamatrix/encoder/ascii_encoder.rs

@@ -74,8 +74,7 @@ impl Encoder for ASCIIEncoder {
 
                     _ => {
                         return Err(Exceptions::IllegalStateException(Some(format!(
-                            "Illegal mode: {}",
-                            newMode
+                            "Illegal mode: {newMode}"
                         ))));
                     }
                 }
@@ -106,8 +105,7 @@ impl ASCIIEncoder {
             Ok((num + 130) as char)
         } else {
             Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "not digits: {}{}",
-                digit1, digit2
+                "not digits: {digit1}{digit2}"
             ))))
         }
     }

src/datamatrix/encoder/base256_encoder.rs

@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ impl Encoder for Base256Encoder {
                 buffer.insert(ci_pos, char::from_u32(dataCount as u32 % 250).unwrap());
             } else {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalStateException(Some(format!(
-                    "Message length not in valid ranges: {}",
-                    dataCount
+                    "Message length not in valid ranges: {dataCount}"
                 ))));
             }
         }

src/datamatrix/encoder/default_placement.rs

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ mod test_placement {
         let actual = placement.toBitFieldStringArray();
         for i in 0..actual.len() {
             // for (int i = 0; i < actual.length; i++) {
-            assert_eq!(expected[i], actual[i], "Row {}", i);
+            assert_eq!(expected[i], actual[i], "Row {i}");
         }
     }
 

src/datamatrix/encoder/error_correction.rs

@@ -221,8 +221,7 @@ fn createECCBlock(codewords: &str, numECWords: usize) -> Result<String, Exceptio
     }
     if table < 0 {
         return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "Illegal number of error correction codewords specified: {}",
-            numECWords
+            "Illegal number of error correction codewords specified: {numECWords}"
         ))));
     }
     let poly = &FACTORS[table as usize];

src/datamatrix/encoder/high_level_encoder.rs

@@ -603,7 +603,6 @@ pub fn illegalCharacter(c: char) -> Result<(), Exceptions> {
     // let hex = Integer.toHexString(c);
     // hex = "0000".substring(0, 4 - hex.length()) + hex;
     Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-        "Illegal character: {} (0x{})",
-        c, c
+        "Illegal character: {c} (0x{c})"
     ))))
 }

src/datamatrix/encoder/minimal_encoder.rs

@@ -640,8 +640,7 @@ fn encodeMinimally(input: Rc<Input>) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions> {
 
     if minimalJ < 0 {
         return Err(Exceptions::IllegalStateException(Some(format!(
-            "Internal error: failed to encode \"{}\"",
-            input
+            "Internal error: failed to encode \"{input}\""
         ))));
     }
     RXingResult::new(edges[inputLength][minimalJ as usize].clone())

src/datamatrix/encoder/symbol_info.rs

@@ -346,8 +346,7 @@ impl<'a> SymbolInfoLookup<'a> {
         }
         if fail {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Can't find a symbol arrangement that matches the message. Data codewords: {}",
-                dataCodewords
+                "Can't find a symbol arrangement that matches the message. Data codewords: {dataCodewords}"
             ))));
         }
         Ok(None)

src/exceptions.rs

@@ -22,29 +22,29 @@ impl fmt::Display for Exceptions {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
             Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(a)) => {
-                write!(f, "IllegalArgumentException - {}", a)
+                write!(f, "IllegalArgumentException - {a}")
             }
 
             Exceptions::UnsupportedOperationException(Some(a)) => {
-                write!(f, "UnsupportedOperationException - {}", a)
+                write!(f, "UnsupportedOperationException - {a}")
             }
 
             Exceptions::IllegalStateException(Some(a)) => {
-                write!(f, "IllegalStateException - {}", a)
+                write!(f, "IllegalStateException - {a}")
             }
-            Exceptions::ArithmeticException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ArithmeticException - {}", a),
-            Exceptions::NotFoundException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "NotFoundException - {}", a),
-            Exceptions::FormatException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "FormatException - {}", a),
-            Exceptions::ChecksumException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ChecksumException - {}", a),
-            Exceptions::ReaderException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ReaderException - {}", a),
-            Exceptions::WriterException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "WriterException - {}", a),
-            Exceptions::ReedSolomonException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ReedSolomonException - {}", a),
+            Exceptions::ArithmeticException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ArithmeticException - {a}"),
+            Exceptions::NotFoundException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "NotFoundException - {a}"),
+            Exceptions::FormatException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "FormatException - {a}"),
+            Exceptions::ChecksumException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ChecksumException - {a}"),
+            Exceptions::ReaderException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ReaderException - {a}"),
+            Exceptions::WriterException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "WriterException - {a}"),
+            Exceptions::ReedSolomonException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ReedSolomonException - {a}"),
             Exceptions::IndexOutOfBoundsException(Some(a)) => {
-                write!(f, "IndexOutOfBoundsException - {}", a)
+                write!(f, "IndexOutOfBoundsException - {a}")
             }
 
-            Exceptions::RuntimeException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "RuntimeException - {}", a),
-            Exceptions::ParseException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ParseException - {}", a),
+            Exceptions::RuntimeException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "RuntimeException - {a}"),
+            Exceptions::ParseException(Some(a)) => write!(f, "ParseException - {a}"),
 
             Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(None) => write!(f, "IllegalArgumentException"),
 

src/helpers.rs

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ pub fn detect_in_file_with_hints(
     hints: &mut DecodingHintDictionary,
 ) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions> {
     let Ok(img) = image::open(file_name) else {
-        return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!("file '{}' not found or cannot be opened", file_name))));
+        return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!("file '{file_name}' not found or cannot be opened"))));
     };
     let mut multi_format_reader = MultiFormatReader::default();
 
@@ -255,8 +255,7 @@ pub fn save_image(file_name: &str, bit_matrix: &BitMatrix) -> Result<(), Excepti
     match image.save(file_name) {
         Ok(_) => Ok(()),
         Err(err) => Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "could not save file '{}': {}",
-            file_name, err
+            "could not save file '{file_name}': {err}"
         )))),
     }
 }
@@ -303,8 +302,7 @@ pub fn save_file(file_name: &str, bit_matrix: &BitMatrix) -> Result<(), Exceptio
     }() {
         Ok(_) => Ok(()),
         Err(_) => Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "could not write to '{}'",
-            file_name
+            "could not write to '{file_name}'"
         )))),
     }
 }

src/maxicode/decoder/decoded_bit_stream_parser.rs

@@ -61,11 +61,8 @@ const POSTCODE_3_BYTES: [[u8; 6]; 6] = [
 
 static SETS: Lazy<[String; 5]> = Lazy::new(|| {
     [
-    format!("\rABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ{}{}{}{}{} {}\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:{}{}{}{}{}" , ECI , FS , GS , RS , NS , PAD ,
-         SHIFTB , SHIFTC , SHIFTD , SHIFTE , LATCHB),
-    format!("`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{}{}{}{}{}{{{}}}~\u{007F};<=>?[\\]^_ ,./:@!|{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}" , ECI , FS , GS , RS , NS ,PAD ,
-         PAD , TWOSHIFTA , THREESHIFTA , PAD ,
-        SHIFTA , SHIFTC , SHIFTD , SHIFTE , LATCHA),
+    format!("\rABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ{ECI}{FS}{GS}{RS}{NS} {PAD}\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:{SHIFTB}{SHIFTC}{SHIFTD}{SHIFTE}{LATCHB}"           ),
+    format!("`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{ECI}{FS}{GS}{RS}{NS}{{{PAD}}}~\u{007F};<=>?[\\]^_ ,./:@!|{PAD}{TWOSHIFTA}{THREESHIFTA}{PAD}{SHIFTA}{SHIFTC}{SHIFTD}{SHIFTE}{LATCHA}"               ),
         format!("\u{00C0}\u{00C1}\u{00C2}\u{00C3}\u{00C4}\u{00C5}\u{00C6}\u{00C7}\u{00C8}\u{00C9}\u{00CA}\u{00CB}\u{00CC}\u{00CD}\u{00CE}\u{00CF}\u{00D0}\u{00D1}\u{00D2}\u{00D3}\u{00D4}\u{00D5}\u{00D6}\u{00D7}\u{00D8}\u{00D9}\u{00DA}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}" ,
         ECI , FS , GS , RS , NS ,
         "\u{00DB}\u{00DC}\u{00DD}\u{00DE}\u{00DF}\u{00AA}\u{00AC}\u{00B1}\u{00B2}\u{00B3}\u{00B5}\u{00B9}\u{00BA}\u{00BC}\u{00BD}\u{00BE}\u{0080}\u{0081}\u{0082}\u{0083}\u{0084}\u{0085}\u{0086}\u{0087}\u{0088}\u{0089}" ,
@@ -93,7 +90,7 @@ pub fn decode(bytes: &[u8], mode: u8) -> Result<DecoderRXingResult, Exceptions>
                 }
                 // NumberFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0000000000".substring(0, ps2Length));
                 // postcode = df.format(pc);
-                format!("{:0>ps2Length$}", pc)
+                format!("{pc:0>ps2Length$}")
             } else {
                 getPostCode3(bytes)
             };
@@ -106,12 +103,12 @@ pub fn decode(bytes: &[u8], mode: u8) -> Result<DecoderRXingResult, Exceptions>
             if result.starts_with(&format!("[)>{}{}{}", RS, "01", GS)) {
                 result.insert_str(
                     9,
-                    &format!("{}{}{}{}{}{}", postcode, GS, country, GS, service, GS),
+                    &format!("{postcode}{GS}{country}{GS}{service}{GS}"),
                 );
             } else {
                 result.insert_str(
                     0,
-                    &format!("{}{}{}{}{}{}", postcode, GS, country, GS, service, GS),
+                    &format!("{postcode}{GS}{country}{GS}{service}{GS}"),
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -226,7 +223,7 @@ fn getMessage(bytes: &[u8], start: u32, len: u32) -> String {
                 i += 1;
                 nsval += bytes[i as usize] as u32;
                 // sb.append(new DecimalFormat("000000000").format(nsval));},
-                sb.push_str(&format!("{:0>9}", nsval));
+                sb.push_str(&format!("{nsval:0>9}"));
             }
             LOCK => {
                 shift = -1;

src/maxicode/detector.rs

@@ -140,11 +140,12 @@ impl<'a> Circle<'_> {
         // find semi-major and semi-minor axi
         let mut lengths = [(0, 0.0, [(0.0_f32, 0.0); 2]); 72];
         let mut circle_points = Vec::new();
-        for i_rotation in 0..72 {
+        // for i_rotation in 0..72 {
+            for (i_rotation, length_set) in lengths.iter_mut().enumerate(){
             let rotation = i_rotation as f32 * 5.0;
             let (length, points) = self.find_width_at_degree(rotation);
             circle_points.extend_from_slice(&points);
-            lengths[i_rotation] = (length, rotation, points);
+            *length_set = (length, rotation, points);
         }
         lengths.sort_by_key(|e| e.0);
         let major_axis = lengths.last().unwrap();
@@ -352,12 +353,12 @@ pub fn detect(image: &BitMatrix, try_harder: bool) -> Result<MaxicodeDetectionRe
             target_height.round() as u32,
             0.0,
             0.0,
-            target_width as f32 ,
+            target_width ,
             0.0,
-            target_width as f32,
-            target_height as f32,
+            target_width,
+            target_height,
             0.0,
-            target_height as f32,
+            target_height,
             tl.0,
             tl.1,
             tr.0,

src/multi_format_writer.rs

@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ impl Writer for MultiFormatWriter {
             BarcodeFormat::AZTEC => Box::<AztecWriter>::default(),
             _ => {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "No encoder available for format {:?}",
-                    format
+                    "No encoder available for format {format:?}"
                 ))))
             }
         };

src/oned/coda_bar_writer.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for CodaBarWriter {
     fn encode_oned(&self, contents: &str) -> Result<Vec<bool>, crate::Exceptions> {
         let contents = if contents.chars().count() < 2 {
             // Can't have a start/end guard, so tentatively add default guards
-            format!("{}{}{}", DEFAULT_GUARD, contents, DEFAULT_GUARD)
+            format!("{DEFAULT_GUARD}{contents}{DEFAULT_GUARD}")
         } else {
             // Verify input and calculate decoded length.
             let firstChar = contents.chars().next().unwrap().to_ascii_uppercase();
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for CodaBarWriter {
             if startsNormal {
                 if !endsNormal {
                     return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                        "Invalid start/end guards: {}",
-                        contents
+                        "Invalid start/end guards: {contents}"
                     ))));
                 }
                 // else already has valid start/end
@@ -62,8 +61,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for CodaBarWriter {
             } else if startsAlt {
                 if !endsAlt {
                     return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                        "Invalid start/end guards: {}",
-                        contents
+                        "Invalid start/end guards: {contents}"
                     ))));
                 }
                 // else already has valid start/end
@@ -72,12 +70,11 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for CodaBarWriter {
                 // Doesn't start with a guard
                 if endsNormal || endsAlt {
                     return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                        "Invalid start/end guards: {}",
-                        contents
+                        "Invalid start/end guards: {contents}"
                     ))));
                 }
                 // else doesn't end with guard either, so add a default
-                format!("{}{}{}", DEFAULT_GUARD, contents, DEFAULT_GUARD)
+                format!("{DEFAULT_GUARD}{contents}{DEFAULT_GUARD}")
             }
         };
 
@@ -95,8 +92,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for CodaBarWriter {
                 resultLength += 10;
             } else {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "Cannot encode : '{}'",
-                    ch
+                    "Cannot encode : '{ch}'"
                 ))));
             }
         }

src/oned/code_128_reader.rs

@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ impl OneDReader for Code128Reader {
 
         resultObject.putMetadata(
             RXingResultMetadataType::SYMBOLOGY_IDENTIFIER,
-            RXingResultMetadataValue::SymbologyIdentifier(format!("]C{}", symbologyModifier)),
+            RXingResultMetadataValue::SymbologyIdentifier(format!("]C{symbologyModifier}")),
         );
 
         Ok(resultObject)

src/oned/code_128_writer.rs

@@ -96,8 +96,7 @@ fn check(contents: &str, hints: &crate::EncodingHintDictionary) -> Result<i32, E
     // Check length
     if !(1..=80).contains(&length) {
         return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "Contents length should be between 1 and 80 characters, but got {}",
-            length
+            "Contents length should be between 1 and 80 characters, but got {length}"
         ))));
     }
 
@@ -111,8 +110,7 @@ fn check(contents: &str, hints: &crate::EncodingHintDictionary) -> Result<i32, E
             "C" => forcedCodeSet = CODE_CODE_C as i32,
             _ => {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "Unsupported code set hint: {}",
-                    codeSetHint
+                    "Unsupported code set hint: {codeSetHint}"
                 ))))
             }
         }
@@ -133,8 +131,7 @@ fn check(contents: &str, hints: &crate::EncodingHintDictionary) -> Result<i32, E
                     // no full Latin-1 character set available at the moment
                     // shift and manual code change are not supported
                     return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                        "Bad character in input: ASCII value={}",
-                        c
+                        "Bad character in input: ASCII value={c}"
                     ))));
                 }
             }
@@ -149,8 +146,7 @@ fn check(contents: &str, hints: &crate::EncodingHintDictionary) -> Result<i32, E
             {
                 if c > 95 && c <= 127 {
                     return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                        "Bad character in input for forced code set A: ASCII value={}",
-                        c
+                        "Bad character in input for forced code set A: ASCII value={c}"
                     ))));
                 }
             }
@@ -159,8 +155,7 @@ fn check(contents: &str, hints: &crate::EncodingHintDictionary) -> Result<i32, E
             {
                 if c <= 32 {
                     return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                        "Bad character in input for forced code set B: ASCII value={}",
-                        c
+                        "Bad character in input for forced code set B: ASCII value={c}"
                     ))));
                 }
             }
@@ -174,8 +169,7 @@ fn check(contents: &str, hints: &crate::EncodingHintDictionary) -> Result<i32, E
                     || ch == ESCAPE_FNC_4
                 {
                     return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                        "Bad character in input for forced code set C: ASCII value={}",
-                        c
+                        "Bad character in input for forced code set C: ASCII value={c}"
                     ))));
                 }
             }

src/oned/code_128_writer_test_tase.rs

@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ fn testEncodeSwitchBetweenCodesetsAAndB() {
 fn testEncode(toEncode: &str, expected: &str) {
     let result = encode(toEncode, false, toEncode).expect("encode");
     let actual = bit_matrix_test_case::matrix_to_string(&result);
-    assert_eq!(expected, actual, "{}", toEncode);
+    assert_eq!(expected, actual, "{toEncode}");
 
     let width = result.getWidth();
     let result = encode(toEncode, true, toEncode).expect("encode");

src/oned/code_39_writer.rs

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for Code39Writer {
         let mut length = contents.chars().count();
         if length > 80 {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Requested contents should be less than 80 digits long, but got {}",
-                length
+                "Requested contents should be less than 80 digits long, but got {length}"
             ))));
         }
 
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for Code39Writer {
                 contents = Self::tryToConvertToExtendedMode(&contents)?;
                 length = contents.chars().count();
                 if length > 80 {
-                    return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!("Requested contents should be less than 80 digits long, but got {} (extended full ASCII mode)",length))));
+                    return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!("Requested contents should be less than 80 digits long, but got {length} (extended full ASCII mode)"))));
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -156,8 +155,7 @@ impl Code39Writer {
                             .push(char::from_u32('P' as u32 + (character as u32 - 123)).unwrap());
                     } else {
                         return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                            "Requested content contains a non-encodable character: '{}'",
-                            character
+                            "Requested content contains a non-encodable character: '{character}'"
                         ))));
                     }
                 }
@@ -249,8 +247,7 @@ mod Code39WriterTestCase {
         assert_eq!(
             expected,
             bit_matrix_test_case::matrix_to_string(&result),
-            "{}",
-            input
+            "{input}"
         );
     }
 }

src/oned/code_93_writer.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for Code93Writer {
         let mut contents = Self::convertToExtended(contents)?;
         let length = contents.chars().count();
         if length > 80 {
-            return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!("Requested contents should be less than 80 digits long after converting to extended encoding, but got {}" , length))));
+            return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!("Requested contents should be less than 80 digits long after converting to extended encoding, but got {length}" ))));
         }
 
         //length of code + 2 start/stop characters + 2 checksums, each of 9 bits, plus a termination bar
@@ -197,8 +197,7 @@ impl Code93Writer {
                     .push(char::from_u32('P' as u32 + character as u32 - '{' as u32).unwrap());
             } else {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "Requested content contains a non-encodable character: '{}'",
-                    character
+                    "Requested content contains a non-encodable character: '{character}'"
                 ))));
             }
         }

src/oned/ean_13_writer.rs

@@ -61,8 +61,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for EAN13Writer {
             }
             _ => {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "Requested contents should be 12 or 13 digits long, but got {}",
-                    length
+                    "Requested contents should be 12 or 13 digits long, but got {length}"
                 ))))
             }
         }

src/oned/ean_8_writer.rs

@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for EAN8Writer {
             // }},
             _ => {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "Requested contents should be 7 or 8 digits long, but got {}",
-                    length
+                    "Requested contents should be 7 or 8 digits long, but got {length}"
                 ))))
             }
         }

src/oned/itf_writer.rs

@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for ITFWriter {
         }
         if length > 80 {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Requested contents should be less than 80 digits long, but got {}",
-                length
+                "Requested contents should be less than 80 digits long, but got {length}"
             ))));
         }
 

src/oned/one_d_code_writer.rs

@@ -173,15 +173,13 @@ impl Writer for L {
 
         if width < 0 || height < 0 {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Negative size is not allowed. Input: {}x{}",
-                width, height
+                "Negative size is not allowed. Input: {width}x{height}"
             ))));
         }
         if let Some(supportedFormats) = self.getSupportedWriteFormats() {
             if !supportedFormats.contains(format) {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "Can only encode {:?}, but got {:?}",
-                    supportedFormats, format
+                    "Can only encode {supportedFormats:?}, but got {format:?}"
                 ))));
             }
         }

src/oned/rss/expanded/decoders/abstract_expanded_decoder.rs

@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ pub fn createDecoder<'a>(
     }
 
     Err(Exceptions::IllegalStateException(Some(format!(
-        "unknown decoder: {}",
-        information
+        "unknown decoder: {information}"
     ))))
 }

src/oned/rss/expanded/decoders/ai_013103_decoder.rs

@@ -83,8 +83,7 @@ mod AI013103DecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test0131031() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}",
-            HEADER, COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908, COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT1750
+            "{HEADER}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT1750}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3103)001750";
         assertCorrectBinaryString(&data, expected);
@@ -93,8 +92,7 @@ mod AI013103DecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test0131032() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}",
-            HEADER, COMPRESSED_GTIN900000000000008, COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT0
+            "{HEADER}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900000000000008}{COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT0}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90000000000003(3103)000000";
         assertCorrectBinaryString(&data, expected);
@@ -104,8 +102,7 @@ mod AI013103DecoderTest {
     #[should_panic]
     fn test013103invalid() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}..",
-            HEADER, COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908, COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT1750
+            "{HEADER}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT1750}.."
         );
         assertCorrectBinaryString(&data, "");
     }

src/oned/rss/expanded/decoders/ai_0132023203_decoder_test.rs

@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ const HEADER: &str = "..X.X";
 #[test]
 fn test0132021() {
     let data = format!(
-        "{}{}{}",
-        HEADER, COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908, COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT1750
+        "{HEADER}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT1750}"
     );
     let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3202)001750";
 
@@ -46,8 +45,7 @@ fn test0132021() {
 #[test]
 fn test0132031() {
     let data = format!(
-        "{}{}{}",
-        HEADER, COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908, COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT11750
+        "{HEADER}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED15BIT_WEIGHT11750}"
     );
     let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3203)001750";
 

src/oned/rss/expanded/decoders/ai_013x0x1x_decoder.rs

@@ -151,11 +151,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01310X1XendDate() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER310X11,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_END
+            "{HEADER310X11}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_END}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3100)001750";
 
@@ -165,11 +161,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01310X111() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER310X11,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010
+            "{HEADER310X11}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3100)001750(11)100312";
 
@@ -179,11 +171,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01320X111() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER320X11,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010
+            "{HEADER320X11}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3200)001750(11)100312";
 
@@ -193,11 +181,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01310X131() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER310X13,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010
+            "{HEADER310X13}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3100)001750(13)100312";
 
@@ -207,11 +191,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01320X131() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER320X13,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010
+            "{HEADER320X13}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3200)001750(13)100312";
 
@@ -221,11 +201,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01310X151() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER310X15,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010
+            "{HEADER310X15}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3100)001750(15)100312";
 
@@ -235,11 +211,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01320X151() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER320X15,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010
+            "{HEADER320X15}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3200)001750(15)100312";
 
@@ -249,11 +221,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01310X171() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER310X17,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010
+            "{HEADER310X17}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3100)001750(17)100312";
 
@@ -263,11 +231,7 @@ mod AI013X0X1XDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn test01320X171() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER320X17,
-            COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908,
-            COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750,
-            COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010
+            "{HEADER320X17}{COMPRESSED_GTIN900123456798908}{COMPRESSED20BIT_WEIGHT1750}{COMPRESSED_DATE_MARCH12TH2010}"
         );
         let expected = "(01)90012345678908(3200)001750(17)100312";
 

src/oned/rss/expanded/decoders/any_ai_decoder.rs

@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@ mod AnyAIDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn testAnyAIDecoder1() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER, NUMERIC10, NUMERIC12, NUMERIC2ALPHA, ALPHA_A, ALPHA2NUMERIC, NUMERIC12
+            "{HEADER}{NUMERIC10}{NUMERIC12}{NUMERIC2ALPHA}{ALPHA_A}{ALPHA2NUMERIC}{NUMERIC12}"
         );
         let expected = "(10)12A12";
 
@@ -81,8 +80,7 @@ mod AnyAIDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn testAnyAIDecoder2() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER, NUMERIC10, NUMERIC12, NUMERIC2ALPHA, ALPHA_A, ALPHA2ISOIEC646, I646_B
+            "{HEADER}{NUMERIC10}{NUMERIC12}{NUMERIC2ALPHA}{ALPHA_A}{ALPHA2ISOIEC646}{I646_B}"
         );
         let expected = "(10)12AB";
 
@@ -92,17 +90,7 @@ mod AnyAIDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn testAnyAIDecoder3() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER,
-            NUMERIC10,
-            NUMERIC2ALPHA,
-            ALPHA2ISOIEC646,
-            I646_B,
-            I646_C,
-            ISOIEC6462ALPHA,
-            ALPHA_A,
-            ALPHA2NUMERIC,
-            NUMERIC10
+            "{HEADER}{NUMERIC10}{NUMERIC2ALPHA}{ALPHA2ISOIEC646}{I646_B}{I646_C}{ISOIEC6462ALPHA}{ALPHA_A}{ALPHA2NUMERIC}{NUMERIC10}"
         );
         let expected = "(10)BCA10";
 
@@ -111,7 +99,7 @@ mod AnyAIDecoderTest {
 
     #[test]
     fn testAnyAIDecodernumericFNC1secondDigit() {
-        let data = format!("{}{}{}", HEADER, NUMERIC10, NUMERIC1_FNC1);
+        let data = format!("{HEADER}{NUMERIC10}{NUMERIC1_FNC1}");
         let expected = "(10)1";
 
         assertCorrectBinaryString(&data, expected);
@@ -120,8 +108,7 @@ mod AnyAIDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn testAnyAIDecoderalphaFNC1() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER, NUMERIC10, NUMERIC2ALPHA, ALPHA_A, ALPHA_FNC1
+            "{HEADER}{NUMERIC10}{NUMERIC2ALPHA}{ALPHA_A}{ALPHA_FNC1}"
         );
         let expected = "(10)A";
 
@@ -131,8 +118,7 @@ mod AnyAIDecoderTest {
     #[test]
     fn testAnyAIDecoder646FNC1() {
         let data = format!(
-            "{}{}{}{}{}{}{}",
-            HEADER, NUMERIC10, NUMERIC2ALPHA, ALPHA_A, ISOIEC6462ALPHA, I646_B, I646_FNC1
+            "{HEADER}{NUMERIC10}{NUMERIC2ALPHA}{ALPHA_A}{ISOIEC6462ALPHA}{I646_B}{I646_FNC1}"
         );
         let expected = "(10)AB";
 

src/oned/rss/expanded/decoders/field_parser.rs

@@ -215,13 +215,13 @@ fn processFixedAI(
         .take(fieldSize)
         .collect(); //rawInformation.substring(aiSize, aiSize + fieldSize);
     let remaining: String = rawInformation.chars().skip(aiSize + fieldSize).collect(); // rawInformation.substring(aiSize + fieldSize);
-    let result = format!("({}){}", ai, field);
+    let result = format!("({ai}){field}");
     let parsedAI = parseFieldsInGeneralPurpose(&remaining)?;
 
     Ok(if parsedAI.is_empty() {
         result
     } else {
-        format!("{}{}", result, parsedAI)
+        format!("{result}{parsedAI}")
     })
 }
 
@@ -237,13 +237,13 @@ fn processVariableAI(
         .min(aiSize + variableFieldSize);
     let field: String = rawInformation.chars().skip(aiSize).take(maxSize).collect(); // (aiSize, maxSize);
     let remaining: String = rawInformation.chars().skip(maxSize).collect();
-    let result = format!("({}){}", ai, field); //'(' + ai + ')' + field;
+    let result = format!("({ai}){field}"); //'(' + ai + ')' + field;
     let parsedAI = parseFieldsInGeneralPurpose(&remaining)?;
 
     Ok(if parsedAI.is_empty() {
         result
     } else {
-        format!("{}{}", result, parsedAI)
+        format!("{result}{parsedAI}")
     })
 }
 

src/oned/rss/expanded/decoders/general_app_id_decoder.rs

@@ -445,8 +445,7 @@ impl<'a> GeneralAppIdDecoder<'_> {
             62 => '/',
             _ => {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalStateException(Some(format!(
-                    "Decoding invalid alphanumeric value: {}",
-                    sixBitValue
+                    "Decoding invalid alphanumeric value: {sixBitValue}"
                 ))))
             }
         };

src/oned/rss/expanded/expanded_row.rs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl Display for ExpandedRow {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "{{ ")?;
         for p in &self.pairs {
-            write!(f, "{}", p)?;
+            write!(f, "{p}")?;
         }
         write!(f, " }}") //{:?} }} " , self.pairs )
     }

src/oned/rss/expanded/rss_expanded_image_2_binary_test_tase.rs

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ fn testDecodeRow2binary22() {
 }
 
 fn assertCorrectImage2binary(fileName: &str, expected: &str) {
-    let path = format!("test_resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/{}", fileName);
+    let path = format!("test_resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/{fileName}");
 
     let image = image::open(path).expect("file exists");
     let binaryMap = BinaryBitmap::new(Rc::new(GlobalHistogramBinarizer::new(Box::new(

src/oned/rss/expanded/rss_expanded_image_2_result_test_case.rs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn testDecodeRow2result2() {
 }
 
 fn assertCorrectImage2result(fileName: &str, expected: ExpandedProductParsedRXingResult) {
-    let path = format!("test_resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/{}", fileName);
+    let path = format!("test_resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/{fileName}");
 
     let image = image::open(path).expect("image must exist");
     let binaryMap = BinaryBitmap::new(Rc::new(GlobalHistogramBinarizer::new(Box::new(

src/oned/rss/expanded/rss_expanded_image_2_string_test_case.rs

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ fn testDecodeRow2string32() {
 }
 
 fn assertCorrectImage2string(fileName: &str, expected: &str) {
-    let path = format!("test_resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/{}", fileName);
+    let path = format!("test_resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/{fileName}");
 
     let image = image::open(path).expect("load image");
     let binaryMap = BinaryBitmap::new(Rc::new(GlobalHistogramBinarizer::new(Box::new(

src/oned/rss/expanded/rss_expanded_internal_test_case.rs

@@ -172,8 +172,7 @@ fn testDecodeDataCharacter() {
 
 fn readImage(fileName: &str) -> image::DynamicImage {
     image::open(format!(
-        "test_resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/{}",
-        fileName
+        "test_resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/{fileName}"
     ))
     .unwrap()
     // Path path = AbstractBlackBoxTestCase.buildTestBase("src/test/resources/blackbox/rssexpanded-1/").resolve(fileName);

src/oned/rss/expanded/test_case_util.rs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use image::DynamicImage;
 use crate::{common::GlobalHistogramBinarizer, BinaryBitmap, BufferedImageLuminanceSource};
 
 fn getBufferedImage(fileName: &str) -> DynamicImage {
-    let path = format!("test_resources/blackbox/rssexpandedstacked-2/{}", fileName);
+    let path = format!("test_resources/blackbox/rssexpandedstacked-2/{fileName}");
 
     image::open(path).expect("load image")
 }

src/oned/upc_a_writer.rs

@@ -49,13 +49,12 @@ impl Writer for UPCAWriter {
     ) -> Result<crate::common::BitMatrix, crate::Exceptions> {
         if format != &BarcodeFormat::UPC_A {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Can only encode UPC-A, but got {:?}",
-                format
+                "Can only encode UPC-A, but got {format:?}"
             ))));
         }
         // Transform a UPC-A code into the equivalent EAN-13 code and write it that way
         self.0.encode_with_hints(
-            &format!("0{}", contents),
+            &format!("0{contents}"),
             &BarcodeFormat::EAN_13,
             width,
             height,

src/oned/upc_e_writer.rs

@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ impl OneDimensionalCodeWriter for UPCEWriter {
             // }},
             _ => {
                 return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                    "Requested contents should be 7 or 8 digits long, but got {}",
-                    length
+                    "Requested contents should be 7 or 8 digits long, but got {length}"
                 ))))
             }
         }

src/oned/upc_ean_extension_5_support.rs

@@ -209,11 +209,11 @@ impl UPCEANExtension5Support {
         let unitsString = (rawAmount / 100).to_string();
         let hundredths = rawAmount % 100;
         let hundredthsString = if hundredths < 10 {
-            format!("0{}", hundredths)
+            format!("0{hundredths}")
         } else {
             hundredths.to_string()
         };
 
-        Some(format!("{}{}.{}", currency, unitsString, hundredthsString))
+        Some(format!("{currency}{unitsString}.{hundredthsString}"))
     }
 }

src/oned/upc_ean_reader.rs

@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ pub trait UPCEANReader: OneDReader {
 
         decodeRXingResult.putMetadata(
             RXingResultMetadataType::SYMBOLOGY_IDENTIFIER,
-            RXingResultMetadataValue::SymbologyIdentifier(format!("]E{}", symbologyIdentifier)),
+            RXingResultMetadataValue::SymbologyIdentifier(format!("]E{symbologyIdentifier}")),
         );
 
         Ok(decodeRXingResult)

src/pdf417/decoder/detection_result.rs

@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ impl Display for DetectionRXingResult {
         // try (Formatter formatter = new Formatter()) {
         for codewordsRow in 0..rowIndicatorColumn.as_ref().unwrap().getCodewords().len() {
             //   for (int codewordsRow = 0; codewordsRow < rowIndicatorColumn.getCodewords().length; codewordsRow++) {
-            write!(f, "CW {0:3}", codewordsRow)?;
+            write!(f, "CW {codewordsRow:3}")?;
             // formatter.format("CW %3d:", codewordsRow);
             for barcodeColumn in 0..self.barcodeColumnCount + 2 {
                 // for (int barcodeColumn = 0; barcodeColumn < barcodeColumnCount + 2; barcodeColumn++) {

src/pdf417/decoder/detection_result_column.rs

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl Display for DetectionRXingResultColumn {
         for codeword in &self.codewords {
             // for (Codeword codeword : codewords) {
             if codeword.is_none() {
-                writeln!(f, "{:3}:    |   ", row)?;
+                writeln!(f, "{row:3}:    |   ")?;
                 row += 1;
                 continue;
             }

src/pdf417/encoder/compaction.rs

@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ impl TryFrom<&String> for Compaction {
             }
         }
         Err(Exceptions::FormatException(Some(format!(
-            "Compaction must be 0-3 (inclusivie). Found: {}",
-            value
+            "Compaction must be 0-3 (inclusivie). Found: {value}"
         ))))
     }
 }

src/pdf417/encoder/pdf_417.rs

@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ impl PDF417 {
         //4. step: low-level encoding
         let mut barcode_matrix = BarcodeMatrix::new(rows as usize, cols as usize);
         self.encodeLowLevel(
-            &format!("{}{}", dataCodewords, ec),
+            &format!("{dataCodewords}{ec}"),
             cols,
             rows,
             errorCorrectionLevel,

src/pdf417/encoder/pdf_417_high_level_encoder.rs

@@ -806,8 +806,7 @@ fn encodingECI(eci: i32, sb: &mut String) -> Result<(), Exceptions> {
         sb.push(char::from_u32((810900 - eci) as u32).unwrap());
     } else {
         return Err(Exceptions::WriterException(Some(format!(
-            "ECI number not in valid range from 0..811799, but was {}",
-            eci
+            "ECI number not in valid range from 0..811799, but was {eci}"
         ))));
     }
     Ok(())

src/pdf417/pdf_417_writer.rs

@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ impl Writer for PDF417Writer {
     ) -> Result<crate::common::BitMatrix, crate::Exceptions> {
         if format != &BarcodeFormat::PDF_417 {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Can only encode PDF_417, but got {}",
-                format
+                "Can only encode PDF_417, but got {format}"
             ))));
         }
 

src/planar_yuv_luminance_source.rs

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ impl LuminanceSource for PlanarYUVLuminanceSource {
     fn getRow(&self, y: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
         if y >= self.getHeight() {
             //throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
-            panic!("Requested row is outside the image: {}", y);
+            panic!("Requested row is outside the image: {y}");
         }
         let width = self.getWidth();
 

src/qrcode/decoder/bit_matrix_parser.rs

@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ impl BitMatrixParser {
         let dimension = bit_matrix.getHeight();
         if dimension < 21 || (dimension & 0x03) != 1 {
             Err(Exceptions::FormatException(Some(format!(
-                "{} < 21 || ({} % 0x03) != 1",
-                dimension, dimension
+                "{dimension} < 21 || ({dimension} % 0x03) != 1"
             ))))
         } else {
             Ok(Self {

src/qrcode/decoder/data_mask.rs

@@ -231,8 +231,7 @@ impl TryFrom<u8> for DataMask {
             6 => Ok(DataMask::DATA_MASK_110),
             7 => Ok(DataMask::DATA_MASK_111),
             _ => Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "{} is not between 0 and 7",
-                value
+                "{value} is not between 0 and 7"
             )))),
         }
     }

src/qrcode/decoder/data_mask_testcase.rs

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ fn testMask(mask: DataMask, dimension: u32, condition: MaskCondition) {
         // for (int i = 0; i < dimension; i++) {
         for j in 0..dimension {
             // for (int j = 0; j < dimension; j++) {
-            assert_eq!(condition(i, j), bits.get(j, i), "({},{})", i, j);
+            assert_eq!(condition(i, j), bits.get(j, i), "({i},{j})");
         }
     }
 }

src/qrcode/decoder/decoded_bit_stream_parser.rs

@@ -96,8 +96,7 @@ pub fn decode(
                 currentCharacterSetECI = Some(CharacterSetECI::getCharacterSetECIByValue(value)?);
                 if currentCharacterSetECI.is_none() {
                     return Err(Exceptions::FormatException(Some(format!(
-                        "Value of {} not valid",
-                        value
+                        "Value of {value} not valid"
                     ))));
                 }
             }

src/qrcode/decoder/error_correction_level.rs

@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ impl ErrorCorrectionLevel {
             2 => Ok(Self::H),
             3 => Ok(Self::Q),
             _ => Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "{} is not a valid bit selection",
-                bits
+                "{bits} is not a valid bit selection"
             )))),
         }
     }
@@ -111,8 +110,7 @@ impl FromStr for ErrorCorrectionLevel {
         }
 
         return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-            "could not parse {} into an ec level",
-            s
+            "could not parse {s} into an ec level"
         ))));
     }
 }

src/qrcode/decoder/mode.rs

@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ impl Mode {
                 Ok(Self::HANZI)
             }
             _ => Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "{} is not valid",
-                bits
+                "{bits} is not valid"
             )))),
         }
     }

src/qrcode/encoder/byte_matrix.rs

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for ByteMatrix {
             }
             result.push('\n');
         }
-        write!(f, "{}", result)
+        write!(f, "{result}")
     }
 }
 

src/qrcode/encoder/mask_util.rs

@@ -186,8 +186,7 @@ pub fn getDataMaskBit(maskPattern: u32, x: u32, y: u32) -> Result<bool, Exceptio
         }
         _ => {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Invalid mask pattern: {}",
-                maskPattern
+                "Invalid mask pattern: {maskPattern}"
             ))))
         }
     };

src/qrcode/encoder/minimal_encoder.rs

@@ -161,8 +161,7 @@ impl MinimalEncoder {
                 &self.ecLevel,
             ) {
                 return Err(Exceptions::WriterException(Some(format!(
-                    "Data too big for version {}",
-                    version
+                    "Data too big for version {version}"
                 ))));
             }
             Ok(result)
@@ -270,8 +269,7 @@ impl MinimalEncoder {
             Mode::BYTE => Ok(3),
             Mode::KANJI => Ok(0),
             _ => Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Illegal mode {:?}",
-                mode
+                "Illegal mode {mode:?}"
             )))),
         }
         // switch (mode) {
@@ -956,7 +954,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for RXingResultList {
             result.push_str(&current.to_string());
             previous = Some(current);
         }
-        write!(f, "{}", result)
+        write!(f, "{result}")
     }
 }
 
@@ -1141,6 +1139,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for RXingResultNode {
         }
         result.push(')');
 
-        write!(f, "{}", result)
+        write!(f, "{result}")
     }
 }

src/qrcode/encoder/qr_code.rs

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for QRCode {
         }
         result.push_str(">>\n");
 
-        write!(f, "{}", result)
+        write!(f, "{result}")
     }
 }
 

src/qrcode/encoder/qrcode_encoder.rs

@@ -430,8 +430,7 @@ pub fn terminateBits(num_data_bytes: u32, bits: &mut BitArray) -> Result<(), Exc
     let capacity = num_data_bytes * 8;
     if bits.getSize() > capacity as usize {
         return Err(Exceptions::WriterException(Some(format!(
-            "data bits cannot fit in the QR Code{} > ",
-            capacity
+            "data bits cannot fit in the QR Code{capacity} > "
         ))));
         // throw new WriterException("data bits cannot fit in the QR Code" + bits.getSize() + " > " +
         //     capacity);
@@ -701,8 +700,7 @@ pub fn appendBytes(
         Mode::BYTE => append8BitBytes(content, bits, encoding),
         Mode::KANJI => appendKanjiBytes(content, bits),
         _ => Err(Exceptions::WriterException(Some(format!(
-            "Invalid mode: {:?}",
-            mode
+            "Invalid mode: {mode:?}"
         )))),
     }
     // switch (mode) {

src/qrcode/qr_code_writer.rs

@@ -66,16 +66,14 @@ impl Writer for QRCodeWriter {
 
         if format != &BarcodeFormat::QR_CODE {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Can only encode QR_CODE, but got {:?}",
-                format
+                "Can only encode QR_CODE, but got {format:?}"
             ))));
             // throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can only encode QR_CODE, but got " + format);
         }
 
         if width < 0 || height < 0 {
             return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(Some(format!(
-                "Requested dimensions are too small: {}x{}",
-                width, height
+                "Requested dimensions are too small: {width}x{height}"
             ))));
             // throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested dimensions are too small: " + width + 'x' +
             //     height);

src/rgb_luminance_source.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub struct RGBLuminanceSource {
 impl LuminanceSource for RGBLuminanceSource {
     fn getRow(&self, y: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
         if y >= self.getHeight() {
-            panic!("Requested row is outside the image: {}", y);
+            panic!("Requested row is outside the image: {y}");
         }
         let width = self.getWidth();