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copy over c++ tests for mqr and cpp
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test_resources/blackbox/cpp/qrcode-7/01.txt
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test_resources/blackbox/cpp/qrcode-7/01.txt
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initrd vs initramfs
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Monolithic vs Modular kernel vs MicroKernel
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Monolithic:
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All drivers, operations and code to perform kernel related tasks are compilied into the kernel. Interactions with kernel are done through system calls.
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advantages:
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1) Less code = less complexity
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2) Less code = smaller size
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3) Less code = fewer bugs and security issues
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disadvantages
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1) difficult to patch and test
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2) bugs can affect large parts of system
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Microkernel
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Only the fundamental tasks and drives are handled by the kernel - memory management, passing messages between processes.
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All other tasks are handled in user space by "servers" or "user-mode servers."
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advantages
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1) easier to maintain
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2) testing is easier - can swap patches in and out
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disadvantages
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1) Larger running footprint
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2) More complex to interact with - port calls from user-mode servers
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3) Process management can be more complex
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Modular Kernel
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A monolithic kernel with binary modules/drivers that can me dynamically loaded or unloaded.
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advantages:
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1) Faster and easier development for drivers that can operate as modules
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2) Easier to added drivers/services via modules
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disadvantages
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1) More interfaces to pass through increases possibility of bugs
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2) Maintaining modules can be more difficult
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To be clear, loading a module dynamically into the kernel can incure some overhead compared to having the module compiled into the kernel. But,
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this can be offset by having an overall smaller footprint in the monolithic kernel due to not having unnecessary code compiled into the kernel. This
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is chiefly beneficial to embedded systems.
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Resources
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http://www.systhread.net/texts/200510kdiff.php
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microkernel
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_kernel
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initramfs
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