diff --git a/src/MultiFormatReader.java b/src/MultiFormatReader.java
deleted file mode 100644
index fd95d9c..0000000
--- a/src/MultiFormatReader.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2007 ZXing authors
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.google.zxing;
-
-import com.google.zxing.aztec.AztecReader;
-import com.google.zxing.datamatrix.DataMatrixReader;
-import com.google.zxing.maxicode.MaxiCodeReader;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.MultiFormatOneDReader;
-import com.google.zxing.pdf417.PDF417Reader;
-import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeReader;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-/**
- * MultiFormatReader is a convenience class and the main entry point into the library for most uses.
- * By default it attempts to decode all barcode formats that the library supports. Optionally, you
- * can provide a hints object to request different behavior, for example only decoding QR codes.
- *
- * @author Sean Owen
- * @author dswitkin@google.com (Daniel Switkin)
- */
-public final class MultiFormatReader implements Reader {
-
-  private static final Reader[] EMPTY_READER_ARRAY = new Reader[0];
-
-  private Map<DecodeHintType,?> hints;
-  private Reader[] readers;
-
-  /**
-   * This version of decode honors the intent of Reader.decode(BinaryBitmap) in that it
-   * passes null as a hint to the decoders. However, that makes it inefficient to call repeatedly.
-   * Use setHints() followed by decodeWithState() for continuous scan applications.
-   *
-   * @param image The pixel data to decode
-   * @return The contents of the image
-   * @throws NotFoundException Any errors which occurred
-   */
-  @Override
-  public RXingResult decode(BinaryBitmap image) throws NotFoundException {
-    setHints(null);
-    return decodeInternal(image);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Decode an image using the hints provided. Does not honor existing state.
-   *
-   * @param image The pixel data to decode
-   * @param hints The hints to use, clearing the previous state.
-   * @return The contents of the image
-   * @throws NotFoundException Any errors which occurred
-   */
-  @Override
-  public RXingResult decode(BinaryBitmap image, Map<DecodeHintType,?> hints) throws NotFoundException {
-    setHints(hints);
-    return decodeInternal(image);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Decode an image using the state set up by calling setHints() previously. Continuous scan
-   * clients will get a <b>large</b> speed increase by using this instead of decode().
-   *
-   * @param image The pixel data to decode
-   * @return The contents of the image
-   * @throws NotFoundException Any errors which occurred
-   */
-  public RXingResult decodeWithState(BinaryBitmap image) throws NotFoundException {
-    // Make sure to set up the default state so we don't crash
-    if (readers == null) {
-      setHints(null);
-    }
-    return decodeInternal(image);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * This method adds state to the MultiFormatReader. By setting the hints once, subsequent calls
-   * to decodeWithState(image) can reuse the same set of readers without reallocating memory. This
-   * is important for performance in continuous scan clients.
-   *
-   * @param hints The set of hints to use for subsequent calls to decode(image)
-   */
-  public void setHints(Map<DecodeHintType,?> hints) {
-    this.hints = hints;
-
-    boolean tryHarder = hints != null && hints.containsKey(DecodeHintType.TRY_HARDER);
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    Collection<BarcodeFormat> formats =
-        hints == null ? null : (Collection<BarcodeFormat>) hints.get(DecodeHintType.POSSIBLE_FORMATS);
-    Collection<Reader> readers = new ArrayList<>();
-    if (formats != null) {
-      boolean addOneDReader =
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.UPC_A) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.UPC_E) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.EAN_13) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.EAN_8) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.CODABAR) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.CODE_39) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.CODE_93) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.CODE_128) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.ITF) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.RSS_14) ||
-          formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.RSS_EXPANDED);
-      // Put 1D readers upfront in "normal" mode
-      if (addOneDReader && !tryHarder) {
-        readers.add(new MultiFormatOneDReader(hints));
-      }
-      if (formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE)) {
-        readers.add(new QRCodeReader());
-      }
-      if (formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.DATA_MATRIX)) {
-        readers.add(new DataMatrixReader());
-      }
-      if (formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.AZTEC)) {
-        readers.add(new AztecReader());
-      }
-      if (formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.PDF_417)) {
-        readers.add(new PDF417Reader());
-      }
-      if (formats.contains(BarcodeFormat.MAXICODE)) {
-        readers.add(new MaxiCodeReader());
-      }
-      // At end in "try harder" mode
-      if (addOneDReader && tryHarder) {
-        readers.add(new MultiFormatOneDReader(hints));
-      }
-    }
-    if (readers.isEmpty()) {
-      if (!tryHarder) {
-        readers.add(new MultiFormatOneDReader(hints));
-      }
-
-      readers.add(new QRCodeReader());
-      readers.add(new DataMatrixReader());
-      readers.add(new AztecReader());
-      readers.add(new PDF417Reader());
-      readers.add(new MaxiCodeReader());
-
-      if (tryHarder) {
-        readers.add(new MultiFormatOneDReader(hints));
-      }
-    }
-    this.readers = readers.toArray(EMPTY_READER_ARRAY);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void reset() {
-    if (readers != null) {
-      for (Reader reader : readers) {
-        reader.reset();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private RXingResult decodeInternal(BinaryBitmap image) throws NotFoundException {
-    if (readers != null) {
-      for (Reader reader : readers) {
-        if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
-          throw NotFoundException.getNotFoundInstance();
-        }
-        try {
-          return reader.decode(image, hints);
-        } catch (ReaderException re) {
-          // continue
-        }
-      }
-      if (hints != null && hints.containsKey(DecodeHintType.ALSO_INVERTED)) {
-        // Calling all readers again with inverted image
-        image.getBlackMatrix().flip();
-        for (Reader reader : readers) {
-          if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
-            throw NotFoundException.getNotFoundInstance();
-          }
-          try {
-            return reader.decode(image, hints);
-          } catch (ReaderException re) {
-            // continue
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    throw NotFoundException.getNotFoundInstance();
-  }
-
-}
diff --git a/src/MultiFormatWriter.java b/src/MultiFormatWriter.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 19c29a4..0000000
--- a/src/MultiFormatWriter.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2008 ZXing authors
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.google.zxing;
-
-import com.google.zxing.aztec.AztecWriter;
-import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
-import com.google.zxing.datamatrix.DataMatrixWriter;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.CodaBarWriter;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.Code128Writer;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.Code39Writer;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.Code93Writer;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.EAN13Writer;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.EAN8Writer;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.ITFWriter;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.UPCAWriter;
-import com.google.zxing.oned.UPCEWriter;
-import com.google.zxing.pdf417.PDF417Writer;
-import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter;
-
-import java.util.Map;
-
-/**
- * This is a factory class which finds the appropriate Writer subclass for the BarcodeFormat
- * requested and encodes the barcode with the supplied contents.
- *
- * @author dswitkin@google.com (Daniel Switkin)
- */
-public final class MultiFormatWriter implements Writer {
-
-  @Override
-  public BitMatrix encode(String contents,
-                          BarcodeFormat format,
-                          int width,
-                          int height) throws WriterException {
-    return encode(contents, format, width, height, null);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BitMatrix encode(String contents,
-                          BarcodeFormat format,
-                          int width, int height,
-                          Map<EncodeHintType,?> hints) throws WriterException {
-
-    Writer writer;
-    switch (format) {
-      case EAN_8:
-        writer = new EAN8Writer();
-        break;
-      case UPC_E:
-        writer = new UPCEWriter();
-        break;
-      case EAN_13:
-        writer = new EAN13Writer();
-        break;
-      case UPC_A:
-        writer = new UPCAWriter();
-        break;
-      case QR_CODE:
-        writer = new QRCodeWriter();
-        break;
-      case CODE_39:
-        writer = new Code39Writer();
-        break;
-      case CODE_93:
-        writer = new Code93Writer();
-        break;
-      case CODE_128:
-        writer = new Code128Writer();
-        break;
-      case ITF:
-        writer = new ITFWriter();
-        break;
-      case PDF_417:
-        writer = new PDF417Writer();
-        break;
-      case CODABAR:
-        writer = new CodaBarWriter();
-        break;
-      case DATA_MATRIX:
-        writer = new DataMatrixWriter();
-        break;
-      case AZTEC:
-        writer = new AztecWriter();
-        break;
-      default:
-        throw new IllegalArgumentException("No encoder available for format " + format);
-    }
-    return writer.encode(contents, format, width, height, hints);
-  }
-
-}
diff --git a/src/aztec/aztec_reader.rs b/src/aztec/aztec_reader.rs
index 6f43314..ba4d20f 100644
--- a/src/aztec/aztec_reader.rs
+++ b/src/aztec/aztec_reader.rs
@@ -40,18 +40,18 @@ impl Reader for AztecReader {
      * @throws NotFoundException if a Data Matrix code cannot be found
      * @throws FormatException if a Data Matrix code cannot be decoded
      */
-    fn decode(&self, image: &BinaryBitmap) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions> {
+    fn decode(&mut self, image: &BinaryBitmap) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions> {
         self.decode_with_hints(image, &HashMap::new())
     }
 
     fn decode_with_hints(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         image: &BinaryBitmap,
         hints: &HashMap<DecodeHintType, DecodeHintValue>,
     ) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions> {
         // let notFoundException = None;
         // let formatException = None;
-        let mut detector = Detector::new(image.getBlackMatrix()?.clone());
+        let mut detector = Detector::new(image.getBlackMatrix().clone());
         let points;
         let decoderRXingResult: DecoderRXingResult;
         //  try {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl Reader for AztecReader {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
-    fn reset(&self) {
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
         // do nothing
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/binarizer.rs b/src/binarizer.rs
index ee47a2c..93ccd6a 100644
--- a/src/binarizer.rs
+++ b/src/binarizer.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 //package com.google.zxing;
 
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
 use crate::{
     common::{BitArray, BitMatrix},
     Exceptions, LuminanceSource,
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ pub trait Binarizer {
      * @param source The LuminanceSource this Binarizer will operate on.
      * @return A new concrete Binarizer implementation object.
      */
-    fn createBinarizer(&self, source: Box<dyn LuminanceSource>) -> Box<dyn Binarizer>;
+    fn createBinarizer(&self, source: Box<dyn LuminanceSource>) -> Rc<dyn Binarizer>;
 
     fn getWidth(&self) -> usize;
 
diff --git a/src/binary_bitmap.rs b/src/binary_bitmap.rs
index 7045342..5d0f293 100644
--- a/src/binary_bitmap.rs
+++ b/src/binary_bitmap.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 //package com.google.zxing;
 
-use std::fmt;
+use std::{fmt, rc::Rc};
 
 use crate::{
     common::{BitArray, BitMatrix},
@@ -29,13 +29,14 @@ use crate::{
  *
  * @author dswitkin@google.com (Daniel Switkin)
  */
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct BinaryBitmap {
-    binarizer: Box<dyn Binarizer>,
+    binarizer: Rc<dyn Binarizer>,
     matrix: BitMatrix,
 }
 
 impl BinaryBitmap {
-    pub fn new(binarizer: Box<dyn Binarizer>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(binarizer: Rc<dyn Binarizer>) -> Self {
         Self {
             matrix: binarizer.getBlackMatrix().unwrap(),
             binarizer: binarizer,
@@ -80,13 +81,31 @@ impl BinaryBitmap {
      * @return The 2D array of bits for the image (true means black).
      * @throws NotFoundException if image can't be binarized to make a matrix
      */
-    pub fn getBlackMatrix(&self) -> Result<&BitMatrix, Exceptions> {
+    pub fn getBlackMatrixMut(&mut self) -> &mut BitMatrix {
         // The matrix is created on demand the first time it is requested, then cached. There are two
         // reasons for this:
         // 1. This work will never be done if the caller only installs 1D Reader objects, or if a
         //    1D Reader finds a barcode before the 2D Readers run.
         // 2. This work will only be done once even if the caller installs multiple 2D Readers.
-        return Ok(&self.matrix);
+        &mut self.matrix
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a 2D array of luminance data to 1 bit. As above, assume this method is expensive
+     * and do not call it repeatedly. This method is intended for decoding 2D barcodes and may or
+     * may not apply sharpening. Therefore, a row from this matrix may not be identical to one
+     * fetched using getBlackRow(), so don't mix and match between them.
+     *
+     * @return The 2D array of bits for the image (true means black).
+     * @throws NotFoundException if image can't be binarized to make a matrix
+     */
+    pub fn getBlackMatrix(&self) -> &BitMatrix {
+        // The matrix is created on demand the first time it is requested, then cached. There are two
+        // reasons for this:
+        // 1. This work will never be done if the caller only installs 1D Reader objects, or if a
+        //    1D Reader finds a barcode before the 2D Readers run.
+        // 2. This work will only be done once even if the caller installs multiple 2D Readers.
+        &self.matrix
     }
 
     /**
@@ -161,6 +180,6 @@ impl BinaryBitmap {
 
 impl fmt::Display for BinaryBitmap {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", self.getBlackMatrix().unwrap())
+        write!(f, "{}", self.getBlackMatrix())
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/common/global_histogram_binarizer.rs b/src/common/global_histogram_binarizer.rs
index 6d151ba..aa0e01a 100644
--- a/src/common/global_histogram_binarizer.rs
+++ b/src/common/global_histogram_binarizer.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 // import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
 // import com.google.zxing.NotFoundException;
 
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
 use crate::{Binarizer, Exceptions, LuminanceSource};
 
 use super::{BitArray, BitMatrix};
@@ -140,8 +142,8 @@ impl Binarizer for GlobalHistogramBinarizer {
         Ok(matrix)
     }
 
-    fn createBinarizer(&self, source: Box<dyn crate::LuminanceSource>) -> Box<dyn Binarizer> {
-        return Box::new(GlobalHistogramBinarizer::new(source));
+    fn createBinarizer(&self, source: Box<dyn crate::LuminanceSource>) -> Rc<dyn Binarizer> {
+        return Rc::new(GlobalHistogramBinarizer::new(source));
     }
 
     fn getWidth(&self) -> usize {
diff --git a/src/common/hybrid_binarizer.rs b/src/common/hybrid_binarizer.rs
index 950a14c..93accce 100644
--- a/src/common/hybrid_binarizer.rs
+++ b/src/common/hybrid_binarizer.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 // import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
 // import com.google.zxing.NotFoundException;
 
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
 use crate::{Binarizer, Exceptions, LuminanceSource};
 
 use super::{BitArray, BitMatrix, GlobalHistogramBinarizer};
@@ -109,8 +111,8 @@ impl Binarizer for HybridBinarizer {
         Ok(matrix)
     }
 
-    fn createBinarizer(&self, source: Box<dyn LuminanceSource>) -> Box<dyn Binarizer> {
-        Box::new(HybridBinarizer::new(source))
+    fn createBinarizer(&self, source: Box<dyn LuminanceSource>) -> Rc<dyn Binarizer> {
+        Rc::new(HybridBinarizer::new(source))
     }
 
     fn getWidth(&self) -> usize {
diff --git a/src/datamatrix/decoder/decoded_bit_stream_parser.rs b/src/datamatrix/decoder/decoded_bit_stream_parser.rs
index 017903c..f13a9cf 100644
--- a/src/datamatrix/decoder/decoded_bit_stream_parser.rs
+++ b/src/datamatrix/decoder/decoded_bit_stream_parser.rs
@@ -234,7 +234,6 @@ fn decodeAsciiSegment(
             {},
            235=> // Upper Shift (shift to Extended ASCII)
             upperShift = true,
-            
            236=> {// 05 Macro
             result.append_string("[)>\u{001E}05\u{001D}");
             resultTrailer.replace_range(0..0, "\u{001E}\u{0004}");
diff --git a/src/decode_hints.rs b/src/decode_hints.rs
index f35b6e3..1ab7ac3 100644
--- a/src/decode_hints.rs
+++ b/src/decode_hints.rs
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ pub enum DecodeHintValue {
      * Image is known to be of one of a few possible formats.
      * Maps to a {@link List} of {@link BarcodeFormat}s.
      */
-    PossibleFormats(BarcodeFormat),
+    PossibleFormats(Vec<BarcodeFormat>),
 
     /**
      * Spend more time to try to find a barcode; optimize for accuracy, not speed.
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index cc59847..c80d6cc 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -87,3 +87,9 @@ pub mod datamatrix;
 pub mod multi;
 pub mod oned;
 pub mod pdf417;
+
+mod multi_format_writer;
+pub use multi_format_writer::*;
+
+mod multi_format_reader;
+pub use multi_format_reader::*;
diff --git a/src/maxicode/maxi_code_reader.rs b/src/maxicode/maxi_code_reader.rs
index ebeb1a8..3142093 100644
--- a/src/maxicode/maxi_code_reader.rs
+++ b/src/maxicode/maxi_code_reader.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,10 @@ impl Reader for MaxiCodeReader {
      * @throws FormatException if a MaxiCode cannot be decoded
      * @throws ChecksumException if error correction fails
      */
-    fn decode(&self, image: &crate::BinaryBitmap) -> Result<crate::RXingResult, crate::Exceptions> {
+    fn decode(
+        &mut self,
+        image: &crate::BinaryBitmap,
+    ) -> Result<crate::RXingResult, crate::Exceptions> {
         self.decode_with_hints(image, &HashMap::new())
     }
 
@@ -51,13 +54,13 @@ impl Reader for MaxiCodeReader {
      * @throws ChecksumException if error correction fails
      */
     fn decode_with_hints(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         image: &crate::BinaryBitmap,
         hints: &crate::DecodingHintDictionary,
     ) -> Result<crate::RXingResult, crate::Exceptions> {
         // Note that MaxiCode reader effectively always assumes PURE_BARCODE mode
         // and can't detect it in an image
-        let bits = Self::extractPureBits(image.getBlackMatrix()?)?;
+        let bits = Self::extractPureBits(image.getBlackMatrix())?;
         let decoderRXingResult = decoder::decode_with_hints(bits, &hints)?;
         let mut result = RXingResult::new(
             decoderRXingResult.getText(),
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ impl Reader for MaxiCodeReader {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
-    fn reset(&self) {
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
         // do nothing
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/multi_format_reader.rs b/src/multi_format_reader.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d6b1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/multi_format_reader.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2007 ZXing authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::{
+    aztec::AztecReader, maxicode::MaxiCodeReader, qrcode::QRCodeReader, BarcodeFormat,
+    BinaryBitmap, DecodeHintType, DecodeHintValue, DecodingHintDictionary, Exceptions, RXingResult,
+    Reader,
+};
+
+/**
+ * MultiFormatReader is a convenience class and the main entry point into the library for most uses.
+ * By default it attempts to decode all barcode formats that the library supports. Optionally, you
+ * can provide a hints object to request different behavior, for example only decoding QR codes.
+ *
+ * @author Sean Owen
+ * @author dswitkin@google.com (Daniel Switkin)
+ */
+pub struct MultiFormatReader {
+    hints: DecodingHintDictionary,
+    readers: Vec<Box<dyn Reader>>,
+}
+
+impl Reader for MultiFormatReader {
+    /**
+     * This version of decode honors the intent of Reader.decode(BinaryBitmap) in that it
+     * passes null as a hint to the decoders. However, that makes it inefficient to call repeatedly.
+     * Use setHints() followed by decodeWithState() for continuous scan applications.
+     *
+     * @param image The pixel data to decode
+     * @return The contents of the image
+     * @throws NotFoundException Any errors which occurred
+     */
+    fn decode(
+        &mut self,
+        image: &crate::BinaryBitmap,
+    ) -> Result<crate::RXingResult, crate::Exceptions> {
+        self.setHints(&HashMap::new());
+        self.decodeInternal(image)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decode an image using the hints provided. Does not honor existing state.
+     *
+     * @param image The pixel data to decode
+     * @param hints The hints to use, clearing the previous state.
+     * @return The contents of the image
+     * @throws NotFoundException Any errors which occurred
+     */
+    fn decode_with_hints(
+        &mut self,
+        image: &crate::BinaryBitmap,
+        hints: &crate::DecodingHintDictionary,
+    ) -> Result<crate::RXingResult, crate::Exceptions> {
+        self.setHints(hints);
+        self.decodeInternal(image)
+    }
+
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        // if (readers != null) {
+        for reader in self.readers.iter_mut() {
+            reader.reset();
+        }
+        // }
+    }
+}
+
+impl MultiFormatReader {
+    const EMPTY_READER_ARRAY: Vec<Box<dyn Reader>> = Vec::new();
+
+    /**
+     * Decode an image using the state set up by calling setHints() previously. Continuous scan
+     * clients will get a <b>large</b> speed increase by using this instead of decode().
+     *
+     * @param image The pixel data to decode
+     * @return The contents of the image
+     * @throws NotFoundException Any errors which occurred
+     */
+    pub fn decodeWithState(&mut self, image: &BinaryBitmap) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions> {
+        // Make sure to set up the default state so we don't crash
+        if self.readers.is_empty() {
+            self.setHints(&HashMap::new());
+        }
+        self.decodeInternal(image)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method adds state to the MultiFormatReader. By setting the hints once, subsequent calls
+     * to decodeWithState(image) can reuse the same set of readers without reallocating memory. This
+     * is important for performance in continuous scan clients.
+     *
+     * @param hints The set of hints to use for subsequent calls to decode(image)
+     */
+    pub fn setHints(&mut self, hints: &DecodingHintDictionary) {
+        self.hints = hints.clone(); // {hint} else {HashMap::new()};
+
+        let tryHarder = self.hints.contains_key(&DecodeHintType::TRY_HARDER);
+        //@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        let formats = hints.get(&DecodeHintType::POSSIBLE_FORMATS);
+        let mut readers: Vec<Box<dyn Reader>> = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(DecodeHintValue::PossibleFormats(formats)) = formats {
+            let addOneDReader = formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::UPC_A)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::UPC_E)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::EAN_13)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::EAN_8)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::CODABAR)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::CODE_39)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::CODE_93)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::CODE_128)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::ITF)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::RSS_14)
+                || formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::RSS_EXPANDED);
+            // Put 1D readers upfront in "normal" mode
+            if addOneDReader && !tryHarder {
+                unimplemented!("");
+                // readers.push(new MultiFormatOneDReader(hints));
+            }
+            if formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::QR_CODE) {
+                readers.push(Box::new(QRCodeReader {}));
+            }
+            if formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::DATA_MATRIX) {
+                unimplemented!("");
+                // readers.push(DataMatrixReader{});
+            }
+            if formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::AZTEC) {
+                readers.push(Box::new(AztecReader {}));
+            }
+            if formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::PDF_417) {
+                unimplemented!("");
+                // readers.push(new PDF417Reader());
+            }
+            if formats.contains(&BarcodeFormat::MAXICODE) {
+                readers.push(Box::new(MaxiCodeReader {}));
+            }
+            // At end in "try harder" mode
+            if addOneDReader && tryHarder {
+                unimplemented!("");
+                // readers.push( MultiFormatOneDReader::new(hints));
+            }
+        }
+        if readers.is_empty() {
+            if !tryHarder {
+                // readers.push( MultiFormatOneDReader::new(hints));
+                unimplemented!("");
+            }
+
+            readers.push(Box::new(QRCodeReader {}));
+            // readers.push( Box::new(DataMatrixReader{}));
+            readers.push(Box::new(AztecReader {}));
+            // readers.push( PDF417Reader());
+            readers.push(Box::new(MaxiCodeReader {}));
+            // unimplemented!("");
+
+            if tryHarder {
+                // readers.push( Box::new(MultiFormatOneDReader::new(hints)));
+                unimplemented!("");
+            }
+        }
+        self.readers = Vec::new(); //readers.toArray(EMPTY_READER_ARRAY);
+    }
+
+    pub fn decodeInternal(&mut self, image: &BinaryBitmap) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions> {
+        if !self.readers.is_empty() {
+            for reader in self.readers.iter_mut() {
+                // I'm not sure how to model this in rust
+                // if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+                //   throw NotFoundException.getNotFoundInstance();
+                // }
+                //try {
+                let res = reader.decode_with_hints(image, &self.hints);
+                if res.is_ok() {
+                    return res;
+                }
+                //} catch (ReaderException re) {
+                // continue
+                //}
+            }
+            if self.hints.contains_key(&DecodeHintType::ALSO_INVERTED) {
+                // Calling all readers again with inverted image
+                let mut image = image.clone();
+                image.getBlackMatrixMut().flip_self();
+                for reader in self.readers.iter_mut() {
+                    // if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+                    //   throw NotFoundException.getNotFoundInstance();
+                    // }
+                    let res = reader.decode_with_hints(&image, &self.hints);
+                    if res.is_ok() {
+                        return res;
+                    }
+                    // try {
+                    //   return reader.decode(image, hints);
+                    // } catch (ReaderException re) {
+                    //   // continue
+                    // }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return Err(Exceptions::NotFoundException("".to_owned()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/multi_format_writer.rs b/src/multi_format_writer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c549787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/multi_format_writer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 ZXing authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::{aztec::AztecWriter, qrcode::QRCodeWriter, BarcodeFormat, Exceptions, Writer};
+
+/**
+ * This is a factory class which finds the appropriate Writer subclass for the BarcodeFormat
+ * requested and encodes the barcode with the supplied contents.
+ *
+ * @author dswitkin@google.com (Daniel Switkin)
+ */
+pub struct MultiFormatWriter;
+
+impl Writer for MultiFormatWriter {
+    fn encode(
+        &self,
+        contents: &str,
+        format: &crate::BarcodeFormat,
+        width: i32,
+        height: i32,
+    ) -> Result<crate::common::BitMatrix, crate::Exceptions> {
+        self.encode_with_hints(contents, format, width, height, &HashMap::new())
+    }
+
+    fn encode_with_hints(
+        &self,
+        contents: &str,
+        format: &crate::BarcodeFormat,
+        width: i32,
+        height: i32,
+        hints: &crate::EncodingHintDictionary,
+    ) -> Result<crate::common::BitMatrix, crate::Exceptions> {
+        let writer: Box<dyn Writer> = match format {
+            BarcodeFormat::EAN_8 => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  EAN8Writer(),
+            BarcodeFormat::UPC_E => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  UPCEWriter(),
+            BarcodeFormat::EAN_13 => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  EAN13Writer(),
+            BarcodeFormat::UPC_A => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  UPCAWriter(),
+            BarcodeFormat::QR_CODE => Box::new(QRCodeWriter {}),
+            BarcodeFormat::CODE_39 => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  Code39Writer(),
+            BarcodeFormat::CODE_93 => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  Code93Writer(),
+            BarcodeFormat::CODE_128 => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  Code128Writer(),
+            BarcodeFormat::ITF => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  ITFWriter(),
+            BarcodeFormat::PDF_417 => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  PDF417Writer(),
+            BarcodeFormat::CODABAR => unimplemented!(""),
+            // writer =  CodaBarWriter(),
+            BarcodeFormat::DATA_MATRIX => unimplemented!(""),
+            // DataMatrixWriter{},
+            BarcodeFormat::AZTEC => Box::new(AztecWriter {}),
+            _ => {
+                return Err(Exceptions::IllegalArgumentException(format!(
+                    "No encoder available for format {:?}",
+                    format
+                )))
+            }
+        };
+
+        writer.encode_with_hints(contents, format, width, height, hints)
+    }
+}
+
+//   @Override
+//   public BitMatrix encode(String contents,
+//                           BarcodeFormat format,
+//                           int width,
+//                           int height) throws WriterException {
+//     return encode(contents, format, width, height, null);
+//   }
+
+//   @Override
+//   public BitMatrix encode(String contents,
+//                           BarcodeFormat format,
+//                           int width, int height,
+//                           Map<EncodeHintType,?> hints) throws WriterException {
+
+//     Writer writer;
+//     switch (format) {
+//       case EAN_8:
+//         writer = new EAN8Writer();
+//         break;
+//       case UPC_E:
+//         writer = new UPCEWriter();
+//         break;
+//       case EAN_13:
+//         writer = new EAN13Writer();
+//         break;
+//       case UPC_A:
+//         writer = new UPCAWriter();
+//         break;
+//       case QR_CODE:
+//         writer = new QRCodeWriter();
+//         break;
+//       case CODE_39:
+//         writer = new Code39Writer();
+//         break;
+//       case CODE_93:
+//         writer = new Code93Writer();
+//         break;
+//       case CODE_128:
+//         writer = new Code128Writer();
+//         break;
+//       case ITF:
+//         writer = new ITFWriter();
+//         break;
+//       case PDF_417:
+//         writer = new PDF417Writer();
+//         break;
+//       case CODABAR:
+//         writer = new CodaBarWriter();
+//         break;
+//       case DATA_MATRIX:
+//         writer = new DataMatrixWriter();
+//         break;
+//       case AZTEC:
+//         writer = new AztecWriter();
+//         break;
+//       default:
+//         throw new IllegalArgumentException("No encoder available for format " + format);
+//     }
+//     return writer.encode(contents, format, width, height, hints);
+//   }
+
+// }
diff --git a/src/qrcode/qr_code_reader.rs b/src/qrcode/qr_code_reader.rs
index 0035bc3..ea69252 100644
--- a/src/qrcode/qr_code_reader.rs
+++ b/src/qrcode/qr_code_reader.rs
@@ -47,24 +47,27 @@ impl Reader for QRCodeReader {
      * @throws FormatException if a QR code cannot be decoded
      * @throws ChecksumException if error correction fails
      */
-    fn decode(&self, image: &crate::BinaryBitmap) -> Result<crate::RXingResult, crate::Exceptions> {
+    fn decode(
+        &mut self,
+        image: &crate::BinaryBitmap,
+    ) -> Result<crate::RXingResult, crate::Exceptions> {
         self.decode_with_hints(image, &HashMap::new())
     }
 
     fn decode_with_hints(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         image: &crate::BinaryBitmap,
         hints: &crate::DecodingHintDictionary,
     ) -> Result<crate::RXingResult, crate::Exceptions> {
         let decoderRXingResult: DecoderRXingResult;
         let mut points: Vec<RXingResultPoint>;
         if hints.contains_key(&DecodeHintType::PURE_BARCODE) {
-            let bits = Self::extractPureBits(image.getBlackMatrix()?)?;
+            let bits = Self::extractPureBits(image.getBlackMatrix())?;
             decoderRXingResult = decoder::decode_bitmatrix_with_hints(&bits, &hints)?;
             points = Vec::new();
         } else {
             let detectorRXingResult =
-                Detector::new(image.getBlackMatrix()?.clone()).detect_with_hints(&hints)?;
+                Detector::new(image.getBlackMatrix().clone()).detect_with_hints(&hints)?;
             decoderRXingResult =
                 decoder::decode_bitmatrix_with_hints(detectorRXingResult.getBits(), &hints)?;
             points = detectorRXingResult.getPoints().clone();
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ impl Reader for QRCodeReader {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
-    fn reset(&self) {
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
         // nothing
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/reader.rs b/src/reader.rs
index bc015e4..bee916c 100644
--- a/src/reader.rs
+++ b/src/reader.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub trait Reader {
      * @throws ChecksumException if a potential barcode is found but does not pass its checksum
      * @throws FormatException if a potential barcode is found but format is invalid
      */
-    fn decode(&self, image: &BinaryBitmap) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions>;
+    fn decode(&mut self, image: &BinaryBitmap) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions>;
 
     /**
      * Locates and decodes a barcode in some format within an image. This method also accepts
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub trait Reader {
      * @throws FormatException if a potential barcode is found but format is invalid
      */
     fn decode_with_hints(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         image: &BinaryBitmap,
         hints: &DecodingHintDictionary,
     ) -> Result<RXingResult, Exceptions>;
@@ -66,5 +66,5 @@ pub trait Reader {
      * Resets any internal state the implementation has after a decode, to prepare it
      * for reuse.
      */
-    fn reset(&self);
+    fn reset(&mut self);
 }